{"entities":{"Q1182972":{"pageid":1193721,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1182972","lastrevid":66784821,"modified":"2026-04-12T12:50:38Z","type":"item","id":"Q1182972","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Duke's theorem does not extend to signed graph embeddings"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 32557"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$6BE58218-2AA5-4F88-826D-3C0245808DD9","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"530db352570182fef36999135c425856d5cfcda0","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Duke's theorem does not extend to signed graph embeddings","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$A30D0661-9DAC-4164-987D-6F44A9CF24E5","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"0a187db9b7d0bc191bbf79c471318ee91786e316","datavalue":{"value":"0742.05036","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$2C414B0F-2210-466D-A9ED-0A2027720E22","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"687008bc4a25f6836e602ff2b8a90d2e219f0e14","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0012-365X(91)90029-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$055B85A8-D3DB-467D-AEA8-C53087BA40C6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"38665fe4ed2b835132254a58832c329597060029","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175483,"id":"Q175483"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$F52C59AE-561F-407F-8792-93CA1DDBFE2D","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"120787504bea9565def539fb4bfb19084956028b","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1992-06-28T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$FF1DC9BE-CDFE-4A53-A3D2-57119A60CCD8","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"d00223662a364590e61c9ceafb32110d98f87444","datavalue":{"value":"For a connected graph \\(G\\), \\(M(G)\\) is the set of all integers \\(g\\) such that \\(G\\) has a 3-cell imbedding on the closed orientable 2-manifold \\(S_g\\) of genus \\(g\\). A theorem of \\textit{R. A. Duke} [Can. J. Math. 18, 817--822 (1966; Zbl 0141.21302)] establishes that \\(M(G)\\) is always an interval of nonnegative integers. \\textit{S. Stahl} [J. Graph Theory 2, 41--52 (1978; Zbl 0396.05013)] established the nonorientable analog. A function \\(f\\colon E(G)\\to\\{-1,+1\\}\\) converts \\(G\\) into a signed graph. A cycle \\((e_1,e_2,\\ldots,e_k)\\) is balanced if \\(\\prod^k_{i=1} f(e_i)=+1\\). An orientation imbedding of \\(G\\) is a 2-cell imbedding \\(i\\colon G\\to S\\) of a connected signed graph into a closed 2-manifold \\(S\\) such that a cycle \\(C\\) of \\(G\\) is balanced if and only if \\(i(C)\\) is orientation-preserving on \\(S\\). For a connected unbalanced signed graph \\(G\\), \\(M_{\\text{or}}(G)\\) is the set of all integers \\(h\\) for which there is a 2-cell orientation imbedding of \\(G\\) on the closed nonorientable 2-manifold \\(N_h\\) of genus \\(h\\). The purpose of this note is to disprove a conjecture of Zaslavsky (in analogy with the Duke and Stahl results) by constructing connected unbalanced signed graphs \\(G\\) whose sets \\(M_{\\text{or}}(G)\\) are arbitrarily large, but contain no pair of consecutive integers. The construction uses homology-type arguments and surgery.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$ABBE3D1C-1F5E-4532-9C73-06C58A2C2731","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"205b6d05d63e09819854956633396177079e7ebb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":591987,"id":"Q591987"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$CD407087-3860-4D26-8B48-B7EF211C24F2","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"357c7c34a1a90d83243f17011b7aa90788d1792d","datavalue":{"value":"05C10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$416615E2-2303-430C-81EB-0E20D10D58CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e35cfda1c439de499de525a8a9009114d934bb37","datavalue":{"value":"05C99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$80A44102-2D28-4729-BABD-EE87E243346C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"63454f5fa45b6bbfa8179612a7d0df81d77ac2cb","datavalue":{"value":"32557","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$977BEAF9-DD24-4C86-AC05-222B4B9AB22D","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"487e319fc15fa5bf055921f5e2eb997cfa8bab11","datavalue":{"value":"imbedding","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$257CCF5B-2C80-4EF6-945B-B288119ECA7F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3f7c713001b6ae067de075dc4b8ffb48f907aa82","datavalue":{"value":"signed graph","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$62D441C2-00B1-41D9-A524-9F99325CDF44","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"14d8c92ace908bdb3f8f4d938e18b989064642b8","datavalue":{"value":"conjecture of Zaslavsky","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$356EC75F-5DE3-466E-A236-EE0E9C2CE456","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"c4d93fa0730cf967b4d44ea1e6c1e65e24d47c8c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175610,"id":"Q175610"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$331DBAEF-E3C2-4959-AAC6-4F009F6E5268","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$E11F20C6-4300-4128-9BF5-FA492A4D34D8","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"deed051b727a2abefa89d82de091af8dbee3dbca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5516074,"id":"Q5516074"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$9BDAFFDE-82A6-474B-81F8-2A09809C0CDA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fc8d0e8b5957bb46d6c54c5df5f602ad7968742e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5534009,"id":"Q5534009"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$78B6C42A-6B8B-46D3-85F0-EEFC8C2082CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ed9995a84060b0c0304d9bca883a92a353067446","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4179029,"id":"Q4179029"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$E825377B-BA3D-4C6A-A364-7F915E801DD0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"74d819f48835cbb2f44602c779e9a9b8287c1a41","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4156796,"id":"Q4156796"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$26DEBDE7-B625-4575-893F-04B196876DF5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9abe20390d20d6b6267f2d92e5ebf5816a7bdeaf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3789584,"id":"Q3789584"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$4466D1E8-64EB-483B-BF55-F349761BA0B6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b9302e97018dd8b897225090251eba257ef8a44d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1179472,"id":"Q1179472"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$C0DF6123-48C6-4A02-A7F6-3F74179CCEFA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a966026f4dd6ccfa12e724ba1188742b3f8070d8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3971919,"id":"Q3971919"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$354B13A7-1347-4D62-8970-364D38E1B40D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6aadbbb0b7955d25d7f6baae6dcf8b4ca22fc48e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1178039,"id":"Q1178039"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$661B6662-D233-4BCF-AA22-658D05C96995","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9732bf83df73becad555dbfb88519a24d1720875","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4940020,"id":"Q4940020"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1182972$EB06E64D-8246-4AE4-9765-2808D726F642","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"15c84fe836d1992b5fa0cf70cbea5bacb5813e2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1182736,"id":"Q1182736"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0196804def293e22e525c98b1fcb035ce9e811d7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7283975","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$6210378A-293E-4E40-BB82-2360421E2149","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"52eaea7c4d6d1c63f88ec5474bdaa7431e927dc5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4020699,"id":"Q4020699"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d46759fbbd25a20e49ebcaf4c2a98e6cbd5c262e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.71407557","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$D07A0535-70CB-4FFA-84BA-682D93C2C2A5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ff340c15655eac31c18292d4a5f44e279cf8d1f3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1379843,"id":"Q1379843"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5b35df87b1d92ad79f5fb78e6243097979b27e83","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7122831","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$171514A7-9CE8-46C8-926E-DBCC4098378D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0e7c4cca654945fe42237bb8bd653f7b9c9866d2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1370294,"id":"Q1370294"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8461781912295a8ac19e06611b309d9dbd898963","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.711656","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$84296C64-750A-4FE2-B436-AC0F3058E349","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4ce6bf9d43f0e3918a7b8f17d5239e64183da79b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5937463,"id":"Q5937463"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"26330a7bb5ce768b670d7def71d43e731978f5a3","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6989862","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$94ADA54D-1E7C-415E-8DB8-EF56F495A573","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6110d3c1f1e849bced34046df7e2303decef073d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3628169,"id":"Q3628169"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4afd3be92a098250ac2acecbc1a337e3092726ff","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6932111","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$F5D3CB57-F293-4941-84CE-5F56C23A70B3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"73a9a97ef9a23c639201e106aef1cc69e28d3e0e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2464156,"id":"Q2464156"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"df2f545c3aae245bd2f05ed99cbb2b3883b8b3a6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6897535","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$61DF1E93-27D5-45D7-8E4E-0D395F40AC0A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3a18c0da6d5262263a5d0f4c34c0747b2f251b9d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1352472,"id":"Q1352472"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"b8d2863288b8657785423cb73c8e96d8aba27fec","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6776507","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$8B78D9A6-E43B-4CAB-A291-49CFB86C32E7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"fc60e30ab03d5cd1314ea4316b1b46441556b0fb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":427861,"id":"Q427861"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"20d1538665b4976a853e32d42442e0b5ffdc3ae5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.65968055","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$7DFBD8D3-6B1B-42BF-9864-BF2B87332BC3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0af0be20e27e507d5eb3c942f9a737025226d3db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1262320,"id":"Q1262320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0842cd1dcdd14a41adf124fcb02a502934f64484","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6588792","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1182972$54F96DF4-343A-4DE8-AA3E-C908EBA287DD","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Duke's theorem does not extend to signed graph embeddings","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Duke%27s_theorem_does_not_extend_to_signed_graph_embeddings"}}}}}