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Planar difference sets are in one-to-one correspondence with projective planes \\(\\Pi\\) of order \\(n\\) admitting a sharply transitive automorphism group \\(S\\). A multiplier is a group automorphism of \\(S\\) which is also an automorphism of \\(\\Pi\\). The author proves the following: (1) If \\(M\\) contains an involution, then \\(n\\) is a square and \\(S=A\\cdot B\\) where \\(A\\) is an arc and \\(B\\) is a Baer subplane of \\(\\Pi\\). (2) If \\(M\\) is abelian, then \\(| M|\\leq n+1\\) or \\(n\\) is a square. (3) If \\(M\\) is abelian and \\(S\\) is cyclic, then \\(| M|\\leq n+1\\) or \\(n=4\\). Moreover, planes of order 5 and 9 are characterized in terms of their multiplier groups. The proofs in the paper are group theoretic (and not number theoretic as quite often in connection with difference set 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