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It is well known that \\(\\alpha\\in\\mathbb{F}_ q\\) has \\(\\mathbb{F}_ q/\\mathbb{F}_ p\\)-trace zero if and only if it is of the form \\(\\beta^ p-\\beta\\) for some \\(\\beta\\in\\mathbb{F}_ q\\). Therefore there is, for a family \\({\\mathfrak F}\\) of rational functions \\(f(X)\\in\\mathbb{F}_ q(X)\\), a clear relation between the \\(\\mathbb{F}_ q\\)-points of the ``Artin-Schreier''- curves \\(Y_ p-Y=f(X)\\) and the weights of the \\(\\mathbb{F}_ p\\)-code \\(\\{Tr(f(x))_{x\\in\\mathbb{F}_ q}:f\\in{\\mathcal F}\\}\\).   In this survey paper these curves are studied and their number of \\(\\mathbb{F}_ q\\)-rational points are estimated. The main tool is the analogue of the Riemann Hypothesis. As a corollary the author can bound the possible weights that occur in the corresponding codes.   Special attention is paid to the ``Kloosterman'' curves \\(Y^ p- Y=aX+bX^{-1}\\), \\(a,b\\in\\mathbb{F}_ q\\). If \\(p=2\\) this is a family of curves of genus 1 and the author describes completely the weights and the frequencies with which they occur. This involves certain class numbers of positive definite integral binary quadratic forms. As a result the author obtains the weight distribution of the associated code. If \\(p=3\\), the curves have genus 2 and their Jacobians are isogenous to a product of two elliptic curves. In this case there are similar results.   In the final section the author obtains bounds for the weights of ``geometric BCH-codes''; these are restrictions to \\(\\mathbb{F}_ p\\) of Goppa codes asscociated to divisors of algebraic curves over \\(\\mathbb{F}_ 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