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The Galois ring \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\) is a ring of order \\(p^{mn}\\) which can be viewed as the set of all expressions \\(A(\\alpha)=a_ 0+a_ 1\\alpha+a_ 2\\alpha^ 2+\\cdots+a_{m- 1}\\alpha^{m-1}\\), \\(a_ i\\in\\mathbb{Z}_{p^ n}\\), where the addition of such expressions is componentwise modulo \\(p^ n\\) and the multiplication is modulo \\(g(x)\\). Note that \\(GR(p^ n,1)\\) is the ring \\(\\mathbb{Z}_{p^ n}\\) and \\(GR(p^ 1,m)\\) is the finite field \\(GF(p^ m)\\). Also note that if \\(\\beta\\) is a root of \\(g(x)\\) in \\(GF(p^ m)\\), and if \\(a\\to\\overline a\\) is the natural homomorphism from \\(\\mathbb{Z}_{p^ n}\\) to \\(\\mathbb{Z}_ p\\), then  \\[ A(\\alpha)\\to\\overline{A(\\alpha)}=\\overline a_ 0+\\overline a_ 1\\beta+\\cdots+\\overline a_{m-1}\\beta^{m-1} \\]  is a homomorphism of \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\) to \\(GF(p^ m)\\). This mapping induces a natural mapping \\({f(x)\\to\\overline f(x)}\\) from \\(GR(p^ n,m)[x]\\) to \\(GF(p^ m)[x]\\).   The main results of this paper concern the primitive elements of \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\) which, by definition, are those elements \\(\\gamma\\) in the group of units \\(U\\) of \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\) with order equal to the exponent of \\(U\\). The main results are the following two theorems which are generalizations to Galois rings of known theorems for finite fields:   Theorem. Let \\(c\\) be a positive integer and let \\(Q\\) denote the set of all odd prime powers \\(q=p^ m\\) for which \\(c\\) divides \\(p^ m-1\\). Then for all but finitely many elements of \\(Q\\) the following statement holds: if \\(f(x)\\) is a polynomial over \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\) such that \\(\\overline f(x)\\) is square-free and has no zeros in \\(GF(p^ m)\\), then there exists a primitive element \\(\\gamma\\) in \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\) such that \\(f(\\gamma)\\) is a \\(c\\)-th power in \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\).   Theorem. For all but finitely many Galois rings \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\), the following holds: if \\(f(x)\\) is a nonconstant polynomial over \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\) so that (i) \\(\\overline f(x)\\) is square-free and (ii) the derivative of \\(\\overline f(x)\\) does not vanish on \\(GF(p^ m)\\), then there exists a primitive element \\(\\alpha\\) in \\(GR(p^ n,m)\\) such that \\(f(\\alpha)\\) is a primitive element in \\(GR(p^ 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