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The main results are the following ones. (i) A ring \\(A\\) is Hopfian in \\(A\\)-mod if and only if it is Hopfian in mod-\\(A\\). (ii) If a ring \\(A\\) is co-Hopfian in \\(A\\)-mod then it is Hopfian in \\(A\\)-mod. (iii) If \\(A\\) is a ring and \\(n \\geq 1\\), then (a) \\(M_ n(A)\\) Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) as a ring \\(\\Rightarrow A\\) Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) as a ring. (b) \\(M_ n(A)\\) Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) in \\(M_ n(A)\\)-mod \\(\\Rightarrow A\\) Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) in \\(A\\)-mod. (c) \\(M_ n(A)\\) Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) in \\(A\\text{-mod}\\Rightarrow A\\) Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) in \\(A\\)-mod. (iv) If \\(A\\) is a ring and \\(G\\) a group then \\(A[G]\\) Hopfian (resp. co- Hopfian) as a ring \\(\\Rightarrow A\\) Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) as a ring and \\(G\\) Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) as a group. (v) If \\(M \\in A\\)-mod, \\(M\\) Hopfian in \\(A\\text{-mod} \\Leftrightarrow M[X]\\) Hopfian in \\(A[X]\\text{- mod}\\Leftrightarrow M[[X]]\\) Hopfian in \\(A[[X]]\\)-mod. (vi) Let \\(A\\) be a commutative ring. If \\(A\\) is co-Hopfian as \\(A\\)-module then, for each \\(n \\geq 1\\), \\(A^ n\\) co-Hopfian as \\(A\\)-module and \\(M_ n(A)\\) is co-Hopfian in both \\(M_ n(A)\\)-mod and mod-\\(M_ n(A)\\). (vii) A Boolean ring \\(A\\) is Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) as a ring if and only if the associated Boolean space \\(X_ A\\) is co-Hopfian (resp. Hopfian) in the category Top. (viii) If \\(X\\) is a compact Hausdorff space then the algebra \\(C(X)\\) of all continuous real-valued functions on \\(X\\) is Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) as \\(R\\)-algebra if and only if \\(X\\) is co-Hopfian (resp. Hopfian) in Top. (ix) Any compact manifold without boundary is co-Hopfian in Top but any compact manifold with nonempty boundary is never co-Hopfian in Top. The author concludes the paper with some related results, counterexamples and open 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