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We define \\(C^r(\\Delta)\\) to be the set of piecewise polynomial functions on \\(\\Delta\\) that are continuously differentiable of order \\(r\\). These functions are called splines, piecewise polynomials, or finite elements. For each \\(k\\) in \\(\\mathbb{N}\\), we define \\(C_k^r(\\Delta)\\) to be the set of \\(F\\) in \\(C^r (\\Delta)\\) such that for each \\(\\sigma\\) in \\(\\Delta\\), \\(F|_\\sigma\\) has degree less than or equal to \\(k\\). \\(C^r_k(\\Delta)\\) is a finite dimensional vector space over \\(\\mathbb{R}\\). Such functions have many practical applications, including the finite element method for solving partial differential equations. More recently, these functions have been studied for computer-aided design, surface modeling and computer graphics. For these and other applications, it is useful to know the dimension of \\(C^r_k(\\Delta)\\) as an \\(\\mathbb{R}\\)-vector space, and to find bases for these spaces. Our approach to this problem is to study the set \\(C^r(\\Delta)\\) where \\(\\Delta\\) is a general polyhedral \\(d\\)-complex in \\(\\mathbb{R}^d\\). \\(C^r(\\Delta)\\) is not a finite dimensional vector space over \\(\\mathbb{R}\\), but it has a great deal more algebraic structure than the \\(C^r_k(\\Delta)\\). \\(C^r(\\Delta)\\) is a ring (and thus an \\(\\mathbb{R}\\)-algebra) with pointwise multiplication, and becomes a module over \\(R=\\mathbb{R} [x_1, \\dots, x_d]\\) by viewing \\(R\\) inside \\(C^r(\\Delta)\\) as the set of global polynomial functions on \\(\\Delta\\). Our primary interest in this paper is to study the structure of \\(C^r(\\Delta)\\) as an \\(R\\)-module. The advantage of studying this module is to make explicit the connections between the spaces \\(C^r_k(\\Delta)\\) for various \\(k\\).   Our main focus will be the freeness of \\(C^r (\\Delta)\\) as an \\(R\\)-module. In general, we look for conditions on \\(\\Delta,r\\) and \\(d\\) so that the freeness of \\(C^r(\\Delta)\\) will be combinatorially determined, that is, independent of the embedding of \\(\\Delta\\) in \\(\\mathbb{R}^d\\). Such conditions have proved extremely useful, for example, in the study of combinatorial properties of posets and simplicial complexes. In section 3 we show that when \\(d=2\\), \\(C^r(\\Delta)\\) is free if and only if \\(\\Delta\\) is a manifold (with boundary). A combinatorial characterization of freeness of \\(C^r(\\Delta)\\) is impossible in general for \\(d>2\\) and \\(r>0\\). We give an example of a 3-complex where freeness varies with the embedding. In section 4, we completely characterize those simplicial \\(\\Delta\\) for which \\(C^0 (\\Delta)\\) is free; these are the complexes with Cohen-Macaulay links of vertices. If \\(\\widehat \\Delta\\) is the homogenization of \\(\\Delta\\), we show that \\(C^0(\\widehat \\Delta)\\cong A_\\Delta\\) as graded algebras. In section 5, we obtain an alternate proof of this result by viewing both rings as inverse limits over the poset \\(\\Delta\\). Finally, in section 6 we generalize the concept of a homogeneous basis to the non-graded 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