{"entities":{"Q1208688":{"pageid":1219437,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1208688","lastrevid":42944939,"modified":"2025-07-16T06:46:38Z","type":"item","id":"Q1208688","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Caps in \\(\\mathrm{PG}(n,q)\\), \\(q\\) even, \\(n\\ge 3\\)"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 166876"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$F0376DDF-3DC9-403F-A330-16465BF5010F","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"6ee3a874b823dcb1e37659720640ad4933869b90","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Caps in \\(\\mathrm{PG}(n,q)\\), \\(q\\) even, \\(n\\ge 3\\)","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$D42858FD-506B-4B13-8185-226A0D6B3EEE","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"e83a7d8f3451e488bec55e36826938263b18fbe4","datavalue":{"value":"0770.51015","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$1545ABD7-3DE7-4A2C-996B-01F8F130589A","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"15a6cd02747390db9d938f4c83ea73701868b9a3","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF01264518","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$57A46037-B853-49E4-BEB0-449F35A2EF3F","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7b27d55f344dc6bfd48e3ff9582c04d67175a8a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181320,"id":"Q181320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$EA05623E-8550-4A1F-B6CB-BC811CA25162","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"1772b6c81a5108c06854e0de4518fb90e5a6ebdc","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1993-05-16T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$FD646A80-BE5E-402D-B481-17CCC732E73A","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"06ecdac4ab6286dadf0bd08644db11f9e048b2a3","datavalue":{"value":"A \\(k\\)-cap in \\(\\mathrm{PG}(n,q)\\) is a set of \\(k\\) points, no three of which are collinear. A \\(k\\)-cap is called complete if it is not contained in a \\((k+1)\\)-cap. Let \\(m_2(n,q)\\) denote the maximum value of \\(k\\) for which there exists a (complete) \\(k\\)-cap in \\(\\mathrm{PG}(n,q)\\), and let \\(m_2'(n,q)\\) denote the second largest value of \\(k\\) for which there exists a complete \\(k\\)-cap in \\(\\mathrm{PG}(n,q)\\). The exact value of \\(m_2(n,q)\\) is only known when \\((n,q)=(n,2)\\), \\((2,q)\\), \\((3,q)\\), (4,3) and (5,3). Much less is known about \\(m_2'(n,q)\\).   A result of \\textit{J. W. P. Hirschfeld} and \\textit{J. A. Thas} [Geom. Dedicata 23, 15--31 (1987; Zbl 0616.51008)] states that for \\(q>2\\) an even prime power, \\(m_2'(3,q)\\le q^2-q/2-\\sqrt q/2+2\\). By clever counting involving tangent lines the authors are able to show there does not exist a complete \\(k\\)-cap in \\(\\mathrm{PG}(3,q)\\), \\(q\\ge 64\\) an even prime power, for values of \\(k\\) in various intervals. Hence they are able to deduce that \\(m_2'(3,q)<q^2-q+2\\sqrt q+1\\). From this result they are then able to show that \\(m_2(4,q)<q^ 3-q^2+2q\\sqrt q+2q-2\\sqrt q+1\\) whenever \\(q\\ge 64\\) is an even prime power. An improved upper bound for \\(m_2(n,q)\\), \\(n\\ge 5\\) and \\(q\\ge 64\\) an even prime power, is also obtained.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$DC6A7900-DFA3-46D9-9F8E-94F7A681CFB3","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"044a6417f50e877f58916922b712e29e3796314e","datavalue":{"value":"51E22","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$0114F19E-E22A-481D-99BB-A74987A28C53","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"5aafbbc64e6444145da46de6f483cdbd488452e3","datavalue":{"value":"166876","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$39B3935F-EF5B-41F8-A42B-7F3165899C9E","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"0c2603b48219cf0326a379b461fd240d3867c3b4","datavalue":{"value":"complete \\(k\\)-cap","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$BE219970-6F77-47C7-8B94-F032F21AF789","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"425bb74e14f320c22293860ff847f65497f8d483","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163001,"id":"Q163001"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$647DED62-A560-453D-AD13-158ED8D0D21E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d6c3d736911eee814e840d34ca86d4f6f62d594c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":196041,"id":"Q196041"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$FB08FA42-351D-4CF1-8F8F-3CEF24320F8E","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"1f7e1a277c07b3a6d4f148b99c27222344cbe448","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":222524,"id":"Q222524"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$1DC0419D-4D76-4324-91A8-13371EB41004","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$C4767F03-C548-4FDF-9C6F-E2DC754121AE","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"59e95478040a70b1930bb483771af1dfe038caad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1084336,"id":"Q1084336"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$39F9CFCE-939A-4D07-9FF6-BAB92D8E2E90","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"62f8cf812f4cdfdd6a8130a8145bac0402f5a4eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3717726,"id":"Q3717726"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$6318A95A-F9BD-41F0-9F5F-C2F18905ADF4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"32e41ac5aa475b9ab1a503247f5fd0c500588027","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1251393,"id":"Q1251393"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$0440FA68-F617-444C-ABBB-7F47A09B38A2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e016a3c8ca2ac05d4f722a308e7e947547828ac8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3851217,"id":"Q3851217"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$783A663F-C46A-44A0-BAE0-1F54834E4D39","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fb95c114ec4d7fef2c51047e7f400cfdc2a3a436","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3694152,"id":"Q3694152"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$7C986B79-6B88-4722-9D2C-E12E545B4152","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"174c627cf5659e0628c3e3becc2ab823967ac07d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1821348,"id":"Q1821348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$C1D61E71-75DD-41A4-BF4A-B4886786C3FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"791cde0cca4cf6422f00dd8860a553f595601b22","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4003762,"id":"Q4003762"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$5100CDB5-31EA-4E95-BC86-EBB695DCF5DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"085e66c3809052013da417d9f3f1a4c8e82ffcbc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3471138,"id":"Q3471138"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$F7A53E76-6589-419F-AB12-616D3F3CF328","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5cc5c4cf2bd7a8ec3c6ebf9cf6315bd1bf4f00e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5582819,"id":"Q5582819"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$CEDBA042-97E6-4212-9FA8-C491EA53D752","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dada3b325a4096859e8967ffac51f6c32a27abeb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1053277,"id":"Q1053277"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$C49DD04E-C795-4EBC-B329-F87252DF51FE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"372a6bb8c0a0030581cec50e07ea6c479e71f6a7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1086306,"id":"Q1086306"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$1E04D8AC-3420-4A4E-86CA-A6D7A201C524","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0351a454a262f04f92c71b5549e3c2ffe7be5a80","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":919609,"id":"Q919609"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1208688$0965E52A-1EE5-4301-9D60-BFE534248F70","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c4cb7976019b18fcfa1a8600ddd04a94333d81a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":596582,"id":"Q596582"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ebca9e0395af12ca3be47de0fec84bf52813d0ed","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9168248","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$D05C09BE-F66B-48D3-967C-781F770AD4C6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"602c0f3066b41bb35dc9375249f9a0bf02425d32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1282292,"id":"Q1282292"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c1d1936e3a84636841951a0257ee9e2a7a246c77","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.88795936","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$3A96D399-B809-4C9D-8C8D-13BF7C31CE3E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"40b32a0cf37c14cd75909285c5e0b2b81d3bb425","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1699552,"id":"Q1699552"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dec0cb5a40914cda9ad59f4ba668d566c5ae883a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.86630106","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$8D8B847D-3952-4C42-887B-56AD88C2674E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"85d67f47ddf233cc8e4d11e7aaa7184ba2dd7acf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1821348,"id":"Q1821348"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"55c143d47800a35b2328a81adf13d7ce90ed879d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8468816","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$0CA07804-3141-423A-9316-214669E5C5BA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"68bfb8e588e82bc81c952a890343f49c85c283e8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2449156,"id":"Q2449156"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0b256f66fee0fe67ce4060e5d1876739c1fc1fcd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.83994955","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$671AD533-6335-4211-8F24-64091376B5CB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a09a0ee081c394c18aa58f7ab2c18c46b1e1fe12","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1266486,"id":"Q1266486"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"70612cc357ff8c3c43c77085e1d90cf03aa69367","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8345009","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$85665768-C50E-49A5-BF5F-0E57E3DA24AC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dff1cd169d7a37afc74483a4328743fbe6dad1b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1299910,"id":"Q1299910"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1ff023d3291d6c053fb2ec87e74b1aef74e7ca57","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8317355","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$FDD0F6F6-15C0-4590-AB5C-23E9B67C8B66","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"33574ea6c8ade26c8f459c12b0ad979a068faa84","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1709549,"id":"Q1709549"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"710eb69fefd660cc096cad82e8d99ba77372ed69","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8295046","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$9F37BAA1-5E68-4DE8-8262-BDB7932C8133","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"808ce50cb2dd45852a7e865438001e2be442e411","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5434626,"id":"Q5434626"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"948c17da1703fefa959e1b504bcfdb0d0287899f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.82424545","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$4A382B36-1048-4883-9BC2-E1AB73FDE3E9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"facb98c8c6d77642f4872ff10a4fa5bb87a35b7e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5935436,"id":"Q5935436"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6d70c77225ed11ac96aebafcfddc3dddc76ee6e6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8185608","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1208688$F6ABF424-2A52-4AF5-A7B3-44CFCAF79F93","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1208688","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1208688"}}}}}