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The action of \\(\\Gamma_ g\\) on the first homology of the surface determines a representation \\(\\Gamma_ g\\to \\text{GL}(2g,Z)\\), whose image is the symplectic group \\(\\text{Sp}(g,Z)\\), and whose kernel is by definition the Torelli group \\(\\ell_ g\\). Around 1980, the Torelli groups were studied by \\textit{Dennis Johnson}, who proved among many results that \\(\\ell_ g\\) is finitely generated when \\(g\\geq 3\\). The Torelli groups have been investigated by many other authors, including \\textit{Birman}, \\textit{Powell}, \\textit{Chillingworth}, \\textit{Wagoner}, \\textit{Morita}, and the reviewer, who with \\textit{A. Miller} gave a topological proof that \\(\\ell_ 2\\) is not finitely generated. In the paper under review, the author uses sophisticated methods from complex algebraic geometry to probe much more deeply into \\(\\ell_ 2\\) (and \\(\\ell_ 3\\)); in particular, he shows that \\(\\ell_ 2\\) is actually free, and that a set of free generators is the Dehn twists on separating curves which form a set of representatives for the homology splittings of the first homology of the genus 2 surface (that is, the unordered pairs \\(\\{A,B\\}\\) of rank two subgroups such that the first homology is \\(A\\oplus B\\) and \\(A\\) and \\(B\\) are orthogonal with respect to the intersection pairing).   The first section of the paper is a concise review of theta functions, the Siegel space \\(Z_ g\\), abelian varieties and principal polarizations, and the period map. The period map (also called the Torelli map) \\(t: T_ g/\\ell_ g\\to Z_ g\\) carries the quotient of Teichm\u00fcller space \\(T_ g\\) by the action of \\(\\ell_ g\\) into the Siegel space. Since \\(T_ g\\) is contractible and the action of \\(\\ell_ g\\) is known to be free, \\(T_ g/\\ell_ g\\) is a \\(K(\\ell_ g,1)\\)-space (in particular, \\(\\pi_ 1(T_ g/\\ell_ g)=\\ell_ g\\) and the homology and cohomology of \\(T_ g/\\ell_ g\\) agree with the group theoretic homology and cohomology of \\(\\ell_ g\\)). In the second section, the author examines Jacobians of genus 2 curves, proving that \\(t: T_ 2/\\ell_ 2\\to Z_ 2\\) is a holomorphic injection whose complement is a disjoint union of properly imbedded copies of \\(U\\times U\\), where \\(U\\) is the upper half plane. These imbeddings correspond to the homology splittings, so Alexander duality already shows that \\(H_ 1(T_ 2/\\ell_ 2)\\) not finitely generated. In the third section, the structure of the image \\(t(T_ 2/\\ell_ 2)\\) in \\(Z_ 2\\) is studied more closely by constructing a Morse function on it. This gives a handle decomposition for \\(T_ 2/\\ell_ 2\\) which has one 0- handle and countably many 1-handles which correspond to the homology splitting of the first homology. This implies the freeness of \\(\\ell_ 2\\) and leads to the identification of its generators.   The group \\(\\ell_ 3\\) is examined by a similar approach. The period mapping goes from \\(T_ 3/\\ell_ 3\\) into \\(Z_ 3\\), but is no longer injective: by the Torelli theorem it has branching along the points corresponding to hyperelliptic genus 3 curves. The author proves (although giving credit to personal communication with \\textit{D. Johnson} and \\textit{J. Millson}) that \\(H_ 3(\\ell_ 3)\\) contains a free abelian subgroup of infinite rank. A final section of the paper contains some applications to calculation of the homology of \\(\\text{Sp}(2,Z)\\) and \\(\\text{Sp}(3,Z)\\). For example, the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence of the extension \\(\\ell_ 2\\to\\Gamma_ 2\\to\\text{Sp}(2,Z)\\) degenerates, since \\(\\ell_ 2\\) is free, and applying more precise statements of the results sketched above leads to homological 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