{"entities":{"Q1215697":{"pageid":1226446,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1215697","lastrevid":48657019,"modified":"2026-01-05T12:42:47Z","type":"item","id":"Q1215697","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Endlichwertige Vielfachenketten in Ringen mit Associativungleichungen"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3470624"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1215697$BA0C8540-1368-4287-8BA5-5D54F0A50890","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"79bcc699fea2ddad398a5d1e082fa09a7531f651","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Endlichwertige Vielfachenketten in Ringen mit Associativungleichungen","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1215697$076A7ACF-5997-4975-BC24-225136794011","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"aff291e64b63ff24e4cdf213d12e19e6f244cbaa","datavalue":{"value":"0301.17002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1215697$CE21FE68-29C8-4B37-A167-1D287B607C63","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"5c806b98ed92b58fdfb2d08126b392d457b19e5e","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02410607","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1215697$55521CE8-648A-4221-8B03-BCBA1F51E57B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1bc070ac4596ea95b88b82bb94b8c29a2f6b5c74","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":766676,"id":"Q766676"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1215697$E0FB40AF-7A07-4AC8-AC52-428903001C42","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c77f9c239ccea9d2907937a25e079e96e3ef239a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":251434,"id":"Q251434"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1215697$3E7569DA-CCB9-43C7-9E98-FF2F36A34212","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"b5e8f5a4bedcdf1368f667e537d4925490c864ae","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1975-00-00T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":9,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1215697$CF9567B2-4427-4DB2-9751-C5472CFD7613","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"a7926eedfcf93dc50bd2d27e1eac2a8c5d026bdc","datavalue":{"value":"The following concept of a generalized ring is introduced: \\(R\\) is a generalized ring if \\(R\\) satisfies all the axioms of a ring, but the associative law for multiplication is replaced by the following inequalities: \\[ x(yR) x(RY) (xy)R+ (xR)y \\tag{A} \\] \\[ (xR)Y+ (Rx)Y cx(RY) + R(xy) \\tag{B} \\] \\[ (xy)R+ (Yx)R c-x(YR) + Y(xR) \\text{ for all }x,y \\text{ in }R. \\tag{C} \\] Ordinary associative rings and Lie-rings are generalized rings. Additional examples are constructed as follows: Let \\((G,+)\\) be an abelian group, \\(\\Gamma\\) a subgroup of \\((\\operatorname{End}G,+)\\). We take \\((R,+) = G\\oplus\\Gamma\\), the direct sum of \\(G\\) and \\(\\Gamma\\), and define multiplication on \\(R\\) by \\[ (g + \\sigma)\\cdot (g' + \\sigma') =g^{\\sigma'} + g'^{\\sigma},\\text{ with }g, g'\\text{ in }G,\\ a, a'\\text{ in }\\Gamma. \\] Then \\(R\\) is a generalized ring if and only if for all \\(g\\) in \\(G\\), \\(\\sigma', \\sigma''\\) in \\(\\Gamma\\) there exists an \\(h\\) in \\(G\\), \\(\\sigma\\) in \\(\\Gamma\\) with \\[ g^{\\sigma'\\sigma''} = h^{\\sigma''\\sigma'} = g^{\\sigma\\sigma'}. \\] In the following we will say `ring' instead of `generalized ring'. A sequence of elements \\(r_1, r_2,\\ldots\\) in a ring \\(R\\) is called a sequence of multiples if \\(r_{i+1}\\) is in \\(r_iR\\) for all \\(i\\). Two main problems are investigated: 1) To characterize the elements \\(r\\) in \\(R\\) with the property that every sequence of multiples beginning with \\(r\\) contains a finite number of distinct elements only; 2) To describe the ideals \\(J\\) of \\(R\\) which have the property that the number of distinct elements in a sequence of multiples contained in \\(J\\) is bounded. To formulate some of the results we need the following definitions: Let \\(R\\) be a ring; \\(\\mathfrak AR = \\{x\\in R;\\ xR= 0\\}\\); \\(\\mathfrak{HA}R = \\cap X\\), taken over all ideals \\(X\\) of \\(R\\) with \\(\\mathfrak A(R/X) =0\\); \\(rR^\\omega = \\) subset \\(S\\) of \\(R\\) minimal with the property that \\(r\\) in \\(S\\), and \\(x\\) in \\(S\\) implies \\(xt\\) in \\(S\\) for any element \\(t\\) in \\(R\\); \\(\\mathfrak PR = \\{r\\text{ in }R;\\ \\vert rR^\\omega\\vert < \\infty\\}\\); \\(\\mathfrak CR = \\) ideal of \\(R\\) with \\(\\mathfrak CR\\supseteq \\mathfrak PR\\) and \\(\\mathfrak CR/\\mathfrak PR = \\mathfrak{HA}(R/\\mathfrak PR)\\). We say \\(r\\) in \\(R\\) is a \\(W\\)-element if every sequence of multiples beginning with \\(r\\) contains finitely many different elements only; \\(r\\) is a \\(V\\)-element if every sequence of multiples \\(\\{r_i\\}\\) beginning with \\(r\\) contains at least one pair \\(r_i\\), \\(r_j\\) with \\(i\\ne j\\) and \\(r_i =r_j\\). Theorem: \\(\\mathfrak PR = \\{r\\text{ in }R\\); \\(r\\) is \\(V\\)-element and \\(\\vert rR\\vert < \\infty\\}\\). Theorem: \\(\\mathfrak CR = \\) set of all \\(W\\)-elements = set of all \\(V\\)-elements. Now some results concerning problem 2). The following conditions are equivalent for a right ideal \\(J\\) of \\(R\\): (i) There exists a positive integer \\(b\\) such that every sequence of multiples contained in \\(J\\) contains at most \\(b\\) different elements. (ii) There exists a positive integer \\(c\\) such that for every sequence \\(\\{r_i\\}\\) of multiples with \\(r_i\\) in \\(J\\) for all \\(i\\) a pair of integers \\(j\\), \\(k\\) exists with \\(1\\le k