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L'auteur caract\u00e9rise alors par l'\u00e9tude des invariants \\(\\lambda_\\infty\\) et \\(\\mu_\\infty\\) les corps \\(p\\)-rationnels et \\(p\\)-birationnels parmi les corps de nombres dont la capitulation du \\(p\\)-groupe des \\(p\\)-classes est triviale dans la \\(\\mathbb{Z}_p\\)-extension cyclotomique de \\(K\\).   La notion de \\(p\\)-birationalit\u00e9 est moins connue que celle de \\(p\\)-rationalit\u00e9. Pour l'introduire, on parle de \\({\\mathfrak p}\\)-rationalit\u00e9 en une place \\({\\mathfrak p}\\) au dessus de \\(p\\) lorsque le corps de nombres \\(K\\) contient les racines \\(p\\)-i\u00e8mes de l'unit\u00e9 et lorsque la \\(p\\)-extension (ab\u00e9lienne) \\(p\\)-ramifi\u00e9e \\({\\mathfrak p}\\)-d\u00e9compos\u00e9e maximale de \\(K\\) est triviale. Le corps de nombres \\(K\\) est alors dit \\(p\\)-birationnel s'il est \\({\\mathfrak p}\\)-rationnel en au moins deux places \\({\\mathfrak p}\\) au dessus de \\(p\\).   Les r\u00e9sultats sont illustr\u00e9s par l'\u00e9tude de plusieurs exemples de familles de corps de nombres.    Erratum: Dans le th\u00e9or\u00e8me 1.1, l'hypoth\u00e8se de ``triviale capitulation du \\(p\\)-groupe des \\(p\\)-classes dans la \\(\\mathbb{Z}_p\\)-extension cyclotomique'' doit \u00eatre remplac\u00e9e par l'hypoth\u00e8se duale (\u00e9quivalente en pr\u00e9sence des racines \\(p\\)-i\u00e8mes de l'unit\u00e9) qui se traduit par l'inexistence d'un sous-Lambda-module fini non trivial du groupe de Galois de la \\(p\\)-extension ab\u00e9lienne non ramifi\u00e9e \\({\\mathfrak p}\\)-d\u00e9compos\u00e9e de la \\(\\mathbb{Z}_p\\)-extension cyclotomique de 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