{"entities":{"Q1265472":{"pageid":1276222,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1265472","lastrevid":67092594,"modified":"2026-04-12T15:09:52Z","type":"item","id":"Q1265472","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Limit distributions of directionally reinforced random walks"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1203781"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$594C44C0-44D5-4F82-8054-E647A7D5DB86","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"5e545bb36a19e88d591f4b888d4d3bf27052e246","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Limit distributions of directionally reinforced random walks","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$80680683-61DB-4852-8DD5-17C605E22BF3","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"004ff2b6e8dadffd71a3bfdf740c0855f7704581","datavalue":{"value":"0911.60008","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$3A4286CE-34DA-4055-AE9C-199A398A7BE3","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d0a5919e8fa04d3d329fd8c09238113fea9fc9b2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169487,"id":"Q169487"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$2A731DE4-CEC0-4BDE-B62B-19A7FB1FBFFC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"a539798aacea2e971dd0d7c8b37bb35d7447acd7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":180919,"id":"Q180919"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$ACFB117C-B6E7-4394-99A5-193371D95C55","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"87fedd43d9515b94c7651de65777aba7be17422f","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":165833,"id":"Q165833"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$4779AA0C-B5E3-48EB-A647-AC2E6AC74A0B","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"74a7dcc6fa266a508e51192b94ce02b3c025b866","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1999-05-04T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$930E64F9-B3A8-46F1-966E-C61E3E049B55","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9323220dcf4c39d374e0c4618a2fff412d0a1c73","datavalue":{"value":"From the introduction and the summary: The idea of reinforced random walks goes back to Coppersmith and Diaconis (1987). The recurrence properties were investigated by \\textit{R. Pemantle} [Ann. Probab. 16, No. 3, 1229-1241 (1988; Zbl 0648.60077)] for the walks on an infinite tree and by \\textit{B. Davis} [Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 84, No. 2, 203-229 (1990; Zbl 0665.60077)] for walks driven by simple dynamics which depend on the entire process history. As elementary mathematical models for ocean waves, \\textit{R. D. Mauldin}, \\textit{M. Monticino}, and \\textit{H. von Weizs\u00e4cker} [Adv. Math. 117, No. 2, 239-252 (1996; Zbl 0845.60070)] recently introduced directionally reinforced random-walks in \\(R^d\\) which simulate some of the time and space correlations observed in ocean surface fields. The walk starts at the origin and chooses an initial direction at random. It moves in this direction with a constant speed and then changes direction at a random time. Once a new direction is chosen, the earlier directions are forgotten. Some basic properties such as recurrence properties of these walks were discussed by Mauldin et al. (loc. cit.). The main purpose of this paper is to develop the limit distributions, the strong law of large numbers, and strong approximations for the directionally reinforced random walks. In particular, it is shown that the limit distribution is a Brownian motion if the time between changes of directions has a finite second moment, and is a stable process if the time between changes of directions is in a domain of attraction of a stable law. The latter gives an affirmative answer to an open question posed by Mauldin et al. The strong law of large numbers and strong approximations are also discussed.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$1192C948-9151-454A-926B-C689113AEEFC","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"06501b652e368cc105ad78a5eac217e38c314cda","datavalue":{"value":"60F05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$A404501B-CC7C-4DCC-B798-F7E3ED83BD46","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e52a86b600bbb05d9a7823bf91d423713b4b70ab","datavalue":{"value":"60G50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$86FCCE00-A5A2-4CFB-BA1D-48790A6AAB2F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"39469e4e1bfc5b8d76188ff3552c155d1bba0f48","datavalue":{"value":"60K40","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$CCEFA25B-6297-4441-917A-623EE6C8E68E","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"bf02aca8a651c1be88881aec48cd18bc0d82446e","datavalue":{"value":"1203781","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$28EDE528-BC7F-4B79-BFA9-6D75EB72C66B","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8a5b8ce8bfbe0f88530e04e0d141a4d05dd800f0","datavalue":{"value":"reinforced random walk","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$0055E1D2-8A6F-49B7-94EF-C4CA3B7B9C22","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"30ef288b891e2b8b5293f9e985b1d09e30f64b11","datavalue":{"value":"limit theorems","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$D0D8D78B-E6C4-4C13-B703-C0790CBDA9F0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"e8614bf31aab7a804d40f47fee75a9a8059d4af5","datavalue":{"value":"Brownian motion","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$E5637A46-AA8C-447B-8679-0EE4082B8121","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"538b6aab8b36fa75527e6e6e809bdef8a6081d8a","datavalue":{"value":"stable process","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$F9CF23D7-6942-42B0-B98B-7E20F3F4B260","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"d3a5ba0201936e7764380eaef7b391a9ad2a6c42","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":702400,"id":"Q702400"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$E282AEC4-D777-49E9-96C4-70BF2DA7B920","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$81CFD76A-98A4-4008-A0DD-DCF9AB70E4D7","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"bc996807b6508925c8057e9126467bb3abb7e0ba","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1006/aima.1997.1707","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$F12452E6-666B-461D-B618-EC53ADF51620","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"207a6f8db17e23564ca20f17c1858fa975efe63e","datavalue":{"value":"W2064471481","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$A8DE56F8-93B6-49A2-8654-B8E8060E2E83","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c71dbe8bdf4f128e883c37c17230f6078a03da89","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4040465,"id":"Q4040465"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$B6C035EF-8BDF-4E4A-8E10-9AA5AFA60CA0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5896e27e7751ba8cf8893ac3e4cb66e9af6de159","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1093990,"id":"Q1093990"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$B7192E33-0521-4A2A-A9A7-DBFD5827DF17","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3d13694677ab0ab81aa4c882c2a41bdb297b0c72","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5288953,"id":"Q5288953"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$63545DD8-6DBB-4102-8B51-6D09BA098755","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3e660c771f8323379c1681dc1223cc187f8039d5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5903884,"id":"Q5903884"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$C88CF91C-A103-4778-957B-513235FA6B4A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ec3d470aef975e2c3e0f25934f454f4161beb25a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1074219,"id":"Q1074219"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$E2C11134-87CC-4A27-91D4-2B5DCCAF00CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4c3a78c59d5ed71fbe30eaaec5d1f053de5a11f4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3866823,"id":"Q3866823"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$133F22BD-AB2B-46D9-B60C-4B0171F2E2D5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"dac7ec5b1b50142636a090ec15d2f3f0179367c9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5829358,"id":"Q5829358"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$E0C9F4C8-2837-4AC0-A4AE-151323F17CF9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1989e1e81f5c65bc4342164c28a120acec3d85e4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3888238,"id":"Q3888238"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$54A1132B-800A-4363-9598-730A7789D3D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"024c3036894da63c45c0155d41391a8e8f52cd6a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5619538,"id":"Q5619538"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$CD3CC5AB-6626-4BD6-9266-620B7803057B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"654ee68b9de6d4ee28d4b9bcf0fd2be4824b1b9c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3911791,"id":"Q3911791"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$056666E5-A4E4-4CBD-96BA-1D6372E94E2D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ea3e3ade239354238804c6ba65dcebcfd6afee10","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1084752,"id":"Q1084752"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$6D7BB242-FC27-4C90-AB9C-477FB9DC3ECB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"de3026951367b01fbbf6cd5cd7955bb929d95279","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1909934,"id":"Q1909934"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$9A5E19DC-E1C0-4BD4-8B01-1AA2392C9774","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0b0912a205f426a58ab210d97b2dd63dff742b13","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1105285,"id":"Q1105285"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$672B2E32-205A-4284-A8E2-41DBA745CE57","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"202074cfc90fb274f7aceac9ecadce607ab5c685","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5538168,"id":"Q5538168"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$AE947C9B-4EEF-46F4-A495-EB2FF6A6BA48","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"04cc12d00993e0c877a5e07dcbebf4a41a6e7ead","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5546384,"id":"Q5546384"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$B1B9D58A-3432-4DAF-B797-A93B354BC052","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"950c5fb848ac5a93a81ff80a433161b6f1a46328","datavalue":{"value":"10.1006/AIMA.1997.1707","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1265472$170347CF-96A3-44DD-821A-F63130482A31","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8babc029226ab53f1be5c7d1b311e01ea5e15a90","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1909934,"id":"Q1909934"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"10fa68e17042f2cd6b9c69dd8e6435a1fa1b0232","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9202963","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1265472$F5B4D9D8-9B7E-4DE6-AC84-06D0D29B1FAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ae5ce10e24050b5e7e08e7ac3fb2fd0fd9d463aa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3190215,"id":"Q3190215"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4638b0d423626c2e3c72d12677007c23318327fe","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7879398","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1265472$F21EFC73-4E92-4677-A42E-D444DB4A475C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0d0a83086cb4babcac94bcf1fb318f7536de8494","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":743439,"id":"Q743439"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c212af39dc6092144570222262357a60b9794866","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7535891","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1265472$2D175F08-D897-4C3A-AF55-23D10F5DDDAB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5276899a70760c1ffa8a69e36389dd35f87311dc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1745264,"id":"Q1745264"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"84908c39ae18c68701641c1df84a3995f944f63b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7482641","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1265472$CC0DEC4A-5C74-45F6-A169-B4811C70CB17","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d3ce015bac89e9fc68501dbe8c777eeaffa95c18","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2240794,"id":"Q2240794"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fb0df8cccd51c70e2fc891973c5fb488c7a84424","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74608004","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1265472$7479CB63-73E5-424D-BC8D-0D4A40D236D1","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4519cb287815cf3616d415490a71ff45c6028222","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":956381,"id":"Q956381"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4f1afa49b90ff4cdabb4c4e0b93987f9d65b2db7","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7443097","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1265472$B88DF37B-BC51-4B94-959C-C308EE58552B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"0253f3d33515cc194525b42bd7f86a6256238f0c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1039163,"id":"Q1039163"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"2334993d84322b515a9fd37e7e2f928054ab39cf","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74307597","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1265472$F01EED9E-30AF-4412-8C47-91B773BF65EE","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Limit distributions of directionally reinforced random walks","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Limit_distributions_of_directionally_reinforced_random_walks"}}}}}