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Let \\(C_0, C_1,\\dots, C_d\\) be the conjugacy classes of \\(G\\). Define relations \\(R_i\\) (\\(i=0,1,\\dots,d\\)) on \\(G\\) by \\(R_i=\\{(x,y):yx^{-1}\\in C_i\\}\\). Then \\({\\mathcal X}(G)=(G,\\{R_i\\}_{0 \\leq i \\leq d})\\) is a commutative association scheme of \\(G\\). Let \\(G=S_n\\) be the symmetric group of degree \\(n\\). Let \\(\\Lambda(n)\\) be the set of all partitions of \\(n\\). For \\(\\lambda \\in \\Lambda(n)\\) let \\(C_{\\lambda}=\\{x \\in S_n: x\\) has cycle-shape \\(\\lambda \\}\\). Then \\(\\{(C_{\\lambda})\\}_{\\lambda \\in \\Lambda(n)}\\) are the conjugacy classes of \\(G=S_n\\). A class \\(R_{\\lambda}\\) of \\({\\mathcal X}(S_n)\\) is that defined by \\(C_{\\lambda}\\). Let us write \\(\\lambda=(i_1, \\dots, i_m)\\) for a partition \\(\\lambda=(1,\\dots,1, i_1, \\dots, i_m) \\in \\Lambda(n)\\) (\\(i_s \\geq 2\\) for \\(1 \\leq s \\leq m\\)). The main result of the paper is the following theorem: Let \\({\\mathcal X} = (X, \\{(R_{\\lambda})\\}_{\\lambda \\in \\Lambda(n)})\\) be an association scheme having intersection numbers identical to those of \\({\\mathcal X}(S_n)\\). Suppose that there exist no four vertices \\(x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4 \\in X\\) satisfying \\((x_1, x_2), (x_2, x_3),\\) \\( (x_3, x_4), (x_4, x_1) \\in R_2, (x_1, x_3) \\in R_3\\) and \\((x_2, x_4) \\in R_{(2, 2)}\\). Then \\({\\mathcal X}\\) is isomorphic to \\({\\mathcal X}(S_n)\\).    In a forthcoming paper the authors show that \\({\\mathcal X}\\) does not possess four vertices of the above type if \\(n\\geq 5\\). This result together with the theorem mentioned above implies that the group association scheme \\({\\mathcal X}(S_n)\\) of the symmetric group \\(S_n\\) of degree \\(n\\) is characterized by its intersection numbers if \\(n \\neq 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