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An open problem posed by \\textit{I. Gy\u0151ri} and \\textit{G. Ladas} [Oscillation theory of delay differential equations: With applications. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1991; Zbl 0780.34048)] is partly answered: When \\(l\\in [0,\\infty)\\), obtain a ``characteristic equation'' for (1). The following is proved:    A necessary and sufficient condition for the oscillation of (1) is that the characteristic equation  \\[  \\lambda \\exp (p\\lambda ^{-l})-1+q\\lambda ^{-k}\\int_0^1\\exp (p\\lambda ^{-l}\\eta) d\\eta =0 \\tag{2} \\]  has no real roots in \\((0,\\infty)\\).    The improved \\(Z\\)-transform is used in the proof. For the equation  \\[  x'(t)+px(x-\\tau)+qx([t-k])=0 \\tag{3} \\]  with \\(p,q,\\tau \\in (0,\\infty)\\), \\(k\\in \\mathbb{N}\\) the following holds:    Let \\([\\tau ]=l\\). Then if \\((2)\\) has no real roots in \\((0,\\infty)\\), (3) is 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