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An embedded surface-link is unknotted if it equals the boundary of some set of pairwise disjoint handlebodies and 3-balls. A general surface-link is unknotted if it is obtained from an embedded unknotted surface-link by adding some trivial self-intersections.   There is a notion of surgery along 1-handles; we attach a 3-ball \\(B\\) to a surface-link \\(F\\) which intersects \\(B\\) in two 2-discs in the boundary of \\(B\\) avoiding the singularities of \\(F\\). It is known that it is possible to transform each embedded surface-link into an unknotted one by a sequence of surgeries along 1-handles. The main result of the paper under review extends this theorem to immersed surface-links.   The proof of this result uses the concept of a 2-dimensional braid. You may think on an usual 1-dimensional braid \\(\\alpha\\) as an embedding of \\(X_n\\times [0,1]\\) into \\(D \\times [0,1]\\) where \\(D\\) is a 2-disc and \\(X_n\\) is a subset of the interior of \\(D\\) with exactly \\(n\\) points. Here \\([0,1]\\) acts as the \\(z\\)-axis and \\(\\alpha\\) intersects each horizontal disc \\(D\\times \\{t\\}\\) in \\(n\\) points. Similarly, a 2-dimensional braid \\(\\alpha\\) is an embedded surface in \\(D_1\\times D_2\\) satisfying some conditions, where \\(D_1\\) and \\(D_2\\) are 2-discs. For example, it is required that \\(\\text{pr}_2: \\alpha \\subseteq D_1\\times D_2\\to D_2\\) is an \\(n\\)-fold covering. If \\(\\alpha\\) is an immersed surface, we get the notion of a singular 2-dimensional braid.    The closure of a singular 2-dimensional braid is a surface-link and the author proved that each surface-link is obtained in this way. The author proves that the closure of a 2-dimensional singular braid is unknotted if and only if the braid is unknotted; this reduces the main theorem to a problem about braids.   In order to prove the result about braids, the author uses a so-called chart-description of a singular 2-dimensional braid. Such a chart is some kind of graph in the interior of a 2-disc. This yields a 2-dimensional description of a braid, and by earlier results of the author, the equivalence of braids corresponds to some set of elementary transformations on their chart-descriptions.   Moreover, the concept of surgery along 1-handles can be translated into the language of chart-descriptions. Finally, the transformation of an arbitrary chart-description into an unknotted one is achieved by an explicit algorithm. This procedure yields an upper bound on the number of surgeries needed to unknot a surface-link.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1282247$3A851B14-AA5A-4588-B19C-7A98F7DAE2A6","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0c2006fdeaf42198f4701ed610cae7ff6f18d18b","datavalue":{"value":"57Q45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1282247$17F8BD68-E393-4AC5-953F-0F12FC062128","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"002b50179b9e38e48e42661e63232299933488ba","datavalue":{"value":"1270300","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1282247$B788806E-EB37-4D87-BF16-610C083EAE8A","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"343cbe9b53cd167468c0588077425d72e9874022","datavalue":{"value":"chart-description","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1282247$F4E1323A-0B94-4B91-BE1B-D70A93E5BD8C","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1282247$CBAD6480-CFB4-429E-9B6F-B85AA597CC1B","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"763106551764e950cdf9b7307fbc86099c12b6f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2482296,"id":"Q2482296"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c2e3525610fbfc26e5a95b3e8ef5ee381a3b92db","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8562713861465454","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1282247$BF01C41F-0EF4-4F36-AEB5-8EEBE244A8D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a66964f330c82d682d042fa94b2e43fd0a3b9d88","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2833314,"id":"Q2833314"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"541f96277cc3faa98e4fc0929ba18ebbb2a9bbc2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8277706503868103","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1282247$2A41415E-7D1B-4948-A69F-7CA57F36AA11","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"724b3cd6b8796ee3aec856951b6992bd09584925","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1612205,"id":"Q1612205"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"19601b5789146b652c7cba4b9da45cc8eb57fe24","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8134305477142334","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1282247$9198C7AC-639C-4FB5-AC5A-139FB96767B4","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Unknotting immersed surface-links and singular 2-dimensional braids by 1-handle surgeries","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Unknotting_immersed_surface-links_and_singular_2-dimensional_braids_by_1-handle_surgeries"}}}}}