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Let \\( A_K \\) be an abelian variety over \\(K.\\) Let \\(A\\) be the N\u00e9ron model of \\(A_K\\) over the ring of integers \\({\\mathfrak O}_K \\) of \\(K\\) and \\( A_k \\) its special fibre over the residue field \\( k \\) of \\({\\mathfrak O}_K.\\) Let \\({\\varphi}_A\\) be the group of components of \\(A.\\) From results of \\textit{S. Lang} [Am. J. Math. 78, 555-563 (1956; Zbl 0073.37901)], \\textit{S. Bosch, W. L\u00fctkebohmert} and \\textit{M. Raynaud} [``N\u00e9ron models'' (1990; Zbl 0705.14001)] and \\textit{X. Xarles} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 437, 167-179 (1993; Zbl 0764.14009)] follows that    (i) if \\(K\\) is henselian, then the canonical homomorphism \\(A_K(K) \\rightarrow A_k(k) \\) is surjective;   (ii) if \\(k\\) is finite or if the identity component \\( A^{0}_k\\) of \\(A_k\\) is an extension of a unipotent group by a split torus with \\(k\\) perfect, then the homomorphism \\( A_k(k) \\rightarrow {\\varphi}_A(k)\\) is surjective (lemma 2.1).    Some interesting results about the group of components of a N\u00e9ron model were obtained by \\textit{D. Lorenzini} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 445, 109-160 (1993; Zbl 0781.14029)].    The main results of the paper under review:    (I) Components groups of Jacobians. Let \\(X\\) be a proper flat regular curve over \\({\\mathfrak O}_K \\) whose generic fibre is geometrically irreducible. Irreducible components of the special fibre \\(X_k\\) generate a free \\(\\mathbb Z\\)-module \\(\\mathbb Z^I\\). The authors define two homomorphisms of the \\(\\mathbb Z\\)-modules which are essential for the computing of \\({\\varphi}_A(k).\\) Let \\( d_i \\) be the multiplicity of \\({\\Gamma}_i\\) in \\(X_k\\), let \\(e_i\\) be its geometric (in \\(X \\times_k k^s\\) where \\(k^s\\) is a separable closure of \\(k\\)) multiplicity. Let \\(r_i\\) be the number of irreducible components of \\((\\Gamma_i)_{k^s}.\\) For two divisors \\(V_1,V_2\\) on \\(X\\), such that at least one is vertical let \\(\\langle V_1,V_2\\rangle\\) be their intersection number. Then the homomorphism \\(\\alpha\\) is defined by  \\[ \\alpha(V)=\\sum_i r_i^{-1}e_i^{-1}\\langle V,\\Gamma_i\\rangle_{k}\\Gamma_i \\]  for any \\(V\\subset{\\mathbb Z}^I\\). The homomorphism \\(\\beta\\) is defined by \\(\\beta({\\Gamma}_i)= r_{i}d_{i}e_{i}.\\) Let \\(d=\\text{gcd}\\{d_i\\mid i\\in I\\}\\) and \\(d'=\\text{gcd} \\{r_id_i\\mid i\\in I\\}\\). Then (if \\(\\text{Gal}(k^{s}/k)\\) is procyclic) the authors give an exact sequence  \\[ 0 \\rightarrow\\text{Ker }\\beta/\\text{Im }\\alpha \\rightarrow {\\varphi}_A(k) \\rightarrow (qd \\mathbb Z)/d'\\mathbb Z \\rightarrow 0 \\]  with \\(q=1\\) if \\(d'|g-1\\) (\\(g\\) is the genus of \\(X\\)) and \\(q=2\\) otherwise (theorem 1.17).    (II) Algebraic tori. Let \\(T_K\\) be a torus over \\(K\\) with multiplicative reduction and let \\(T\\) be its N\u00e9ron model over \\({\\mathfrak O}_K\\). Let \\(\\varphi_T\\) be the associated component group. For the Galois group \\(G\\) of the extension \\(k^{s}/k\\) the group of characters \\(X\\) of \\(T_K\\) is a \\(G\\)-module. Let \\(X_G\\) be the biggest \\(\\mathbb Z\\)-free quotient of \\(X\\) which is fixed by \\(G\\) and let \\(T_{G,K}\\) be the torus with group of characters \\(X_G\\) which is the biggest subtorus which is split over \\(K.\\) Then the injection \\(T_{G,K} \\hookrightarrow T_K \\) and the associated morphism of N\u00e9ron models \\(T_G \\rightarrow T\\) induce a monomorphism of component groups \\(\\varphi_{T_G} \\hookrightarrow \\varphi_T \\) and an isomorphism \\(\\varphi_{T_G}(k) \\simeq \\varphi_{T}(k) \\) between groups of \\(k\\)-rational points. Furthermore, the canonical map \\(T_K(K) \\rightarrow \\varphi_{T}(k) \\) is surjective, as the same is true for the split torus \\(T_{G,K}\\) (proposition 3.2).   (III) Abelian varieties with semi-stable reduction. Let \\(A_K\\) be an abelian variety with split semi-stable reduction; i.e., the authors assume that the identity component \\(A_k^0\\) of the special fibre of the N\u00e9ron model \\(A\\) of \\(A_K\\) is the extension of an abelian variety by a split algebraic torus. Then: (i)The component group \\(\\varphi_A\\) is constant (also valid if \\(K\\) is not necessary complete). (ii) The canonical map \\( A_K(K) \\rightarrow \\varphi_{A}(k) \\) is surjective (proposition 4.3).    Examples are given to show how these results may be used in calculation of component groups of Jacobians of 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