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Here \\(\\Delta\\) is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a Riemannian manifold and \\(\\mu\\) is a Kato measure or, more generally, a smooth measure, i.e. a countable sum of Radon measures charging no polar sets.    The measure \\(\\mu\\) is called big if no bounded non-trivial solutions (of appropriate smoothness depending on the kind of the measure) exist. The main result of the article is a complete characterization of ``bigness'' of \\(\\mu\\), namely \\(\\mu\\) is not big if and only if it is the sum of two measures, one having support in a so-called non-thick set, the other having a Green potential which is not identically \\(\\infty\\). Moreover, the authors give a sufficient criterion of Wiener type, which is easily applicable to check whether a measure \\(\\mu\\) is big.    Since their approach is mainly based on fundamental properties of harmonic and superharmonic functions, they are able to extend their result in a second part of the paper to the more abstract setting of harmonic spaces. 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