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Let \\(X\\) be a topological space. We say that a subset \\(U\\) of \\(X\\) is \\(F\\)-contractible (in \\(X\\)) if \\(F(i):F(U)\\to F(X)\\) is constant where \\(i:U\\to X \\) is the inclusion. We define cat\\(_F(X)\\) as the smallest \\(n\\) such that \\(X\\) can be covered by \\(n\\) sets, open and \\(F\\)-contractible in \\(X\\). If no such integer exists, then cat\\(_F(X)=\\infty \\). The authors consider the functor \\(H_1:\\text{Top}\\to \\text{Ab}\\) where \\(H_1\\) associates to a space its first singular homology group with integral coefficients, and Ab is the category of Abelian groups. Then for a closed orientable 3-manifold \\(M^3\\) the number cat\\(_{H_1}(M^3)\\) belongs to the set \\(\\{ 1,2,3,4 \\}\\). It is obvious that cat\\(_{H_1}(M^3)=1 \\) if and only if \\(M^3\\) is an integral homology sphere. In this paper the authors find out when cat\\(_{H_1}(M^3)=2\\) and when cat\\(_{H_1}(M^3)=3\\). They also give surgical characterizations of the manifolds \\(M^3\\) with cat\\(_{H_1}(M^3)=m\\). They prove that the manifolds \\(M^3\\) with cat\\(_{H_1}(M^3)=2\\) are those obtained by longitudinal surgery on a boundary link. Also, if \\(L\\) is a link in a homology sphere with all linking numbers equal to zero, cat\\(_H{_1}(M^3)=2\\) iff \\(L\\) is a homology boundary link, and \\(1<\\text{ cat}_H{_1}M(L)\\leq 3\\) iff all Milnor \\(\\mu\\)-invariants \\(\\mu (i,j,k)\\) of weight three of \\(L\\) 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