{"entities":{"Q1307505":{"pageid":1318255,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1307505","lastrevid":43019132,"modified":"2025-07-16T22:54:05Z","type":"item","id":"Q1307505","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On density estimation from ergodic processes"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1355253"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$A71494DB-2B1A-4B15-9647-04D7A5C8BA6B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"055caf9d006eafc871624cf49eca934bec9d733b","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On density estimation from ergodic processes","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$D5160984-E148-4D4B-98ED-CBEE767238AB","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9adcd06db9290c91132b895d4aaed96dbd785f54","datavalue":{"value":"0932.62042","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$048FEDBA-1FF3-4B6A-911F-C7B475D0A34B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3085c951bec8fa5f1b4fc96eee179c7a6b2dd554","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":233572,"id":"Q233572"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$09D3B822-9FB6-40C8-B435-2672EC425944","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"1a57c3cda2dc1b56998d87ae7d8d6d1d1516918a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":233573,"id":"Q233573"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$FC61B698-F08B-49E6-A38F-6C5C0B9A28E7","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"c9d829dece3e2d330deed49a6cb836edc666e294","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":107063,"id":"Q107063"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$EE70E4EF-0EFE-4A32-BD4F-440FF581AC52","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"ba4ec8312668052ec347cca58ac79b3f437a67a0","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$1E1CC717-A87E-4D66-9DCD-E9193FD1CB1F","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5f20885b547cbe76084881db7ebf721cf507a135","datavalue":{"value":"Let \\(\\mu\\) be a probability measure on the Borel subsets \\({\\mathcal B }\\) of the half-open unit interval \\([0,1)\\). A measurable transformation \\(T:[0,1)\\to [0,1)\\) is \\(\\mu\\)-preserving if \\(\\mu(T^{-1}B)=\\mu(B)\\) for each \\(B\\in{\\mathcal B}\\), and is ergodic if for each \\(B\\) such that \\(T^{-1}B=B\\) either \\(\\mu(B)=0\\) or \\(\\mu(B)=1 \\). A sequence \\({\\mathbf X}=\\{X_1,X_2,\\dots\\}\\) of random variables defined on \\(([0,1),{\\mathcal B},\\mu)\\) is said to be stationary and ergodic if there exists an ergodic \\(\\mu\\)-preserving transformation \\(T\\) and a Borel measurable function \\(g:[0,1)\\to\\mathbb{R}\\) such that  \\[ X_i(\\omega)= g(T^{i-1} \\omega), \\quad i=1,2, \\dots, \\]  for \\(\\mu\\)-a.e. \\(\\omega \\in[0,1)\\). If the distribution \\(\\nu=\\mu\\circ g^{-1}\\) of each random variable \\(X_i\\) is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure \\(\\lambda\\), then \\(X_i\\) is distributed according to the probability density \\(f=d \\nu/d\\lambda\\), written \\(X_i\\sim f\\). Estimation of \\(f\\) from finitely many observations of the process \\({\\mathbf X}\\) is an important and well studied problem in applied and theoretical statistics. The density estimation problem and its potential solutions can be formalized as follows:   Problem. Given an ergodic process \\({\\mathbf X}=X_1,X_2, \\dots, \\in\\mathbb{R}\\) with \\(X_i\\sim f\\), select integrable functions \\(\\widehat f_1,\\widehat f_2, \\dots\\) such that (i) \\(\\widehat f_n\\) depends only on \\(X_1, \\dots, X_n\\) and (ii) \\(\\int|\\widehat f_n- f|dx\\to 0\\) in probability as \\(n\\to\\infty\\).   Here, it is shown that no procedure can consistently estimate the one-dimensional marginal density of every stationary ergodic process for which such a density exists. A similar result is established for the problem of estimating the support of the marginal distribution of an ergodic process.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$EF5D45E8-36E3-4157-9B48-2015B5F24413","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"58591a8ac1354bf12129571c1d7757e1ee3beef9","datavalue":{"value":"62G07","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$FAF8666E-39B6-453E-995B-CA54E8E4C09D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"de4049a368d68ec2ae6f38a89912f7631be4fe80","datavalue":{"value":"60G10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$52647BDA-8852-4390-BDDB-22F0A3CA4032","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"43c201755fcafd36f50e8b92611d32a8e3c1f461","datavalue":{"value":"60G17","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$7C5E5FC4-3751-4CA4-98D7-BA2F8820DA9A","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3b7d17c690ac94feb66addda892db87ce8800b58","datavalue":{"value":"1355253","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$EFF8FFCF-1875-45EC-91DF-014C809EB90C","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"5a03cc33816661d678382a4ebfcf6816d90d6726","datavalue":{"value":"density estimation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$333E06FC-CBA0-4E0A-83E3-F8009679C907","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"03dfa6c0ad341c45db225b7e56a48e0407f57d31","datavalue":{"value":"ergodic processes","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$F6342507-14D4-4D24-9E7B-F14F70F412FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"85d852688b69b82b550ed18107f88ac3dc2353f6","datavalue":{"value":"cutting and stacking","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$1A07AA55-8D43-47E5-9174-3EBA256674AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"8498efe9200547b17fe201705731ef1eccefd826","datavalue":{"value":"counter example","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$C66AC68A-BB45-4379-AD40-0D6CD7910C0F","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$05396182-79B5-4775-8633-0AC88A5D717C","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"7bab379d1327a13c71e86cdc816ea97c219bc1c6","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1214/aop/1022855650","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$96E23B58-A58A-413B-9BD7-A4066E11DA85","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"860e3895fb8942ff20d5d4cc7540aa6aa4d75310","datavalue":{"value":"W2167597140","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$6E75CCD0-47D0-4862-A0C1-36D592EA87AB","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"73146549cff6602fd3b5104a63359d515c4751eb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1145444,"id":"Q1145444"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$81789656-D49A-4D6C-91B6-3561CB0A65E4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"aa6dd51f159da98eea2f0fc8335c166a146bd6fa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1073523,"id":"Q1073523"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$2EFB4E7B-503A-4984-A7B0-587A15D971EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f24975771b358cf91ed52d7c2d3090b3566c765d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3336497,"id":"Q3336497"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$36ADB50E-02D9-4E80-8925-E51A8CAA4812","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f562bb067d61e8677cbf892be92905958bd127e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":919702,"id":"Q919702"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$8BAB0474-C6E9-4CE7-A4E0-2CF0D66D05A3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"53a25d82e622fff6086c1ec5114408117402234a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5614084,"id":"Q5614084"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$EAC5D962-66EF-4F9A-8E0C-ED82A41E66DB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cf516a8f4bf1d2ce1c9c3c041677fd05c6545171","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1147461,"id":"Q1147461"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$3B2EE2B5-C6C7-4D86-B336-E482C5C3BE16","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fe8db1fd95c0213b26610fd57eae530c36f6a0bf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2563616,"id":"Q2563616"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$76D3C715-0984-46EB-B988-ECFAFA673D51","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3056e5680ef9f800d77146af964f87da54668cac","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3486671,"id":"Q3486671"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$8B625850-46CD-4748-A3A2-7D86A79899EB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2a420c7d50ae4b895787c4645ff464e5c38520be","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1188594,"id":"Q1188594"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$19F636DA-387A-4747-B344-47F3F7EB0811","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c764f751bbf57cbcff734c0bf1edbc35f57d4fd3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":910098,"id":"Q910098"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$DFD0E7EA-707D-4AF6-A98B-D6B793FAAAB0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"beb66b44be8078ad68c404a25aaf21a232d1f22c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4400271,"id":"Q4400271"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$F7FB6940-AA2E-49E6-8C40-A6221A63D610","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9f2de0161d0b5a4fb90db7651e4c612413f4faeb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":921710,"id":"Q921710"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$6FB5C19F-78D3-4699-B9B2-BB39C269D941","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"90bfbb5675c396cc9f9c4540d29db73c9159b84c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4049858,"id":"Q4049858"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$D209C72F-5CAA-4AD7-B3C1-055EF6C058B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5f16fd7ea83e4e226f7d5a90d2d78058e19073f8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2535158,"id":"Q2535158"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$DAA58506-CCBD-4AF3-B259-198EBC2AF8EC","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"3b80e4f474f0f1e0bb34a5e00c628e7a6d57a8f9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3987455,"id":"Q3987455"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$32921342-A6F5-4C51-AF4A-F3F9B86D0306","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b696d3ebaeee46c3dae6dcdb7b30267728c9990a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4727203,"id":"Q4727203"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$D5BEE0F6-FE85-479A-A5D6-20A810DB95B9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"549b85deab79b4cbe6e418217f791aeb3c3e8bf1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1565698,"id":"Q1565698"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$6E154470-F5F4-484C-8E74-712C1BA49E14","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e869871d5550a5b49af1fd660a21277330d12b54","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":914287,"id":"Q914287"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$F086975E-F931-48FA-B88F-B156C5FC4AF5","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"655257aa8456b92e5e4262e3b75ba2edc85ac74f","datavalue":{"value":"10.1214/AOP/1022855650","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1307505$02101671-9C2B-4164-8CE3-6CD9DD3083C4","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"09d248ada9aa311a013acfb81c4751331beb834e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4251571,"id":"Q4251571"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"66d7c2daf0f1d45f91fadcd6ffc913e00bbd1c15","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.96286523","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1307505$0D21382E-0963-4117-9974-3F9128FFC93E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d741dcfb49d12b0cf9190c6a00d9c0be45ea708c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1962689,"id":"Q1962689"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"46596ce6ea90ea8d9859406ddc79bf3ec7ff00b9","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9491784","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1307505$444C8287-BF4C-4EBA-8F26-D5C09251FB6F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ad47b264dcb54cee4951c38f110d0e4f85163df1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1380639,"id":"Q1380639"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"3de668c771bc2bbe2a07cc62f912fb25cd302e5a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.940984","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1307505$58B29345-50FD-4E09-8693-D42D5EAC2315","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"4cddcb0d42914a4314d46c64a89003e23f75f99a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3645225,"id":"Q3645225"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6ba27c48eee1b8530068292d8c7e1490892e588d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9378052","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1307505$0EE6E5BA-45B6-41DC-8A20-EEDDB2FBCD08","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"71dae7a9aa44efd2fa95195e7c7feb55652c780b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5933640,"id":"Q5933640"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0644636f73b0220d7021decbbdd325f9979b13a2","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9280183","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1307505$A9CA8AC9-754B-4FEA-B998-0162094645AB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"191c5f3c3b54e240b38bff70ff3899dca38707d9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4011495,"id":"Q4011495"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8d7b307361618cac76996807e886fb9a1e781087","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.92786795","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ac3c626774dcd0d16f89557f66586245841a01db","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6767936,"id":"Q6767936"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1307505$7F2B6200-3380-49F5-8B33-D6FB5056F50F","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1307505","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1307505"}}}}}