{"entities":{"Q1310490":{"pageid":1321240,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1310490","lastrevid":67375638,"modified":"2026-04-12T17:12:20Z","type":"item","id":"Q1310490","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Spheres and symmetry: Borsuk's antipodal theorem"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 482104"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$EBE4EB66-F69B-4950-B94A-6417657C1056","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"c15dd657a92d0213a30f3fe290a71f8f36e2867a","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Spheres and symmetry: Borsuk's antipodal theorem","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$1F677BC8-253F-492F-A305-586DCA24CA52","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"b72985bc018c89da4c53fed53630d277c4355762","datavalue":{"value":"0795.55004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$04A76750-448E-477F-84BD-8884E778E74B","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"ec844fd901585cb291e169e42c16f53a39e0f8ca","datavalue":{"value":"10.12775/TMNA.1993.004","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$61AC6BE8-B3C9-4EBD-B153-E8B289D4FC1A","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"01eb2c5e259132ef0dfbc372164f95043947edb0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":172113,"id":"Q172113"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$4A58652F-A11A-4114-B4D5-4AFF1342C32A","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"12c17d7316137b5457243cfe10f00c4bb5a56573","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1994-08-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$49E91422-193F-4464-815F-8219CA025EB4","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"9f13c64d64f62e3cc455587b2300d913978341c0","datavalue":{"value":"This nicely-written survey article concerns the fundamental discovery of Borsuk that a continuous function from the \\(n\\)-sphere to Euclidean space of the same dimension must send at least one pair of antipodal points of the sphere to the same point in the Euclidean space. The author not only lists eight equivalent, and impressively diverse, equivalent forms of Borsuk's result, he also sketches three strikingly different approaches to proving it. A brief, interesting exploration of some of the limits to extending Borsuk's theorem is followed by the discussion of a particularly fruitful direction of generalization: to group actions on spheres. After an exceedingly condensed section on index theories, the paper closes with eight well-chosen and clearly-described applications of Borsuk's discovery. This relatively brief survey includes a useful 80- item list of references, but a reader who wishes a more detailed and comprehensive survey of the same topic should consult the author's article in [M\u00e9thodes topologiques en analyse non lin\u00e9aire, S\u00e9min. Math. Sup\u00e9r., S\u00e9min. Sci. OTAN (NATO Adv. Study Inst.) 95, 166-235 (1985; Zbl 0573.55003)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$A7C3B3AB-E5BB-4D6C-901E-2983AAE0711A","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8154fbc9a1146bb169710b434f9dd911afae2388","datavalue":{"value":"55M30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$AB900262-A43A-4B64-B1E4-FE8EA4BB2292","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"e608a735a98ffc4a09cbe4e820e4662e9d465236","datavalue":{"value":"482104","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$907568AF-7948-4473-949E-3C44AE4CE48D","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"c717d48607f4bb103e24af48bdc5270d31e91811","datavalue":{"value":"Lusternik-Schnirelmann category","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$ECBFCA41-BA84-438F-9B4D-8B22DE851009","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d7c02797f0d1333f502c4a18304b6dca55179997","datavalue":{"value":"group action","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$6D414B34-9BB0-438E-A34A-A0F44286EBD2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"74c698a5c572f5fd979f302122baa48d7aaf8a63","datavalue":{"value":"Borsuk-Ulam theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$F6603BEB-595A-423B-9491-042CA602FF4F","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"12690ab80ce63a0a7cc8da9f52ddfc63febf227e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":497957,"id":"Q497957"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$E8AD1747-174F-4BB5-9B4A-B15CDBE65B25","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"99b807ef175daeb3e63d20b8d6ecd60ab7830b46","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":202893,"id":"Q202893"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$6DFF0EC3-F3F0-4AE1-9CEF-24CFD13E8F57","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1310490$32F06F05-F195-44AD-BB05-0353A21B1128","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"33ce0fdf84656ba863676e449cf4077ad8604f0c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3906117,"id":"Q3906117"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4118e552e35dd868b794b0f970f735937dc6d352","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7566736","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$98D14100-68D1-4358-8BF7-36C1171C9B97","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"69b74dcf62573afc36458ec87287a8a6f77b7700","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2770174,"id":"Q2770174"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4db3109b3b9545d24bcb70518e8802bc60ed3076","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74334466","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$74C2A839-06ED-4BA1-8FFC-A49DD327D235","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ec8631cd42bd3cdbdf91e71e95c00e3a86ce7c60","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4223279,"id":"Q4223279"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ea68a233344aa020d8cbdef22c2e47dd075b7508","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.73017126","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$DF4FE891-031F-4B68-8056-2B5D9EED1A4E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"e9e57d148bdf952d643714ce5888e2aa950321ca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3800614,"id":"Q3800614"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1942a27551f742c3fa723d95d0317fe6918cc0a6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7222009","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$146D8E5D-132E-4248-9EC2-AFFCB1803948","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"95eebe25e0a173bc7e0eaef6a9ffbd012a9c0060","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2615505,"id":"Q2615505"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"37e950fc0bfe99ac9e70afb656ba974f7303265a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7197447","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$9A98FF34-453B-4709-8B77-50DCB32B67B4","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"693ed4a2b8411546a3f9a284131405fd706ab6f8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4016295,"id":"Q4016295"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"949218e1b9949cfbc046eb48beca4e97f16081e6","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7158213","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$0C3D00E2-839C-47AE-B3BD-C5032423CE47","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7ca46a7e8c76f8cd24b317dd6e1ff8ca12657a75","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3414665,"id":"Q3414665"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9f593314d277f9c46ded9a4fb85ad70661f54cc1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.70966166","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$D8047641-32DA-4BB8-A587-016983A9220E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"8a8219a0c1c608cf128336618592e5765ccd311a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4325170,"id":"Q4325170"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d06b76b5031ebdd1a494caec89a34cadd1af0546","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7087704","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$74F7B214-53CB-4FE8-8F0C-D2B747AB6205","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"23e23a2da10dd19b528c0822d1ad36138c40b9bb","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3014386,"id":"Q3014386"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"65b676b405503c1c35ff2d4b2d2c11d0e941fdbd","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7066275","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$BF80225D-5300-43A1-8E9B-D9F1D432FAFB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c46d99d21b1c84932e92f35133be03413bceb7de","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4662148,"id":"Q4662148"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4d28efefb1d80baf914c76a522c68d67387b8cca","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.6974472","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1310490$86D6FD16-D096-43A2-AC0F-08FFF2142C7C","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Spheres and symmetry: Borsuk's antipodal theorem","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Spheres_and_symmetry:_Borsuk%27s_antipodal_theorem"}}}}}