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In this work one constructs and studies the vanishing cycles functor from the category of \u00e9tale sheaves on the generic fibres \\({\\mathfrak X}_ \\eta\\) of \\({\\mathfrak X}\\) (which is a \\(k\\)-analytic space) to the category of \u00e9tale sheaves on the closed fibre \\({\\mathfrak X}_{\\overline s}\\) of \\({\\mathfrak X}\\) (which is a scheme over the residue field of the separable closure of \\(k)\\). One proves that if \\({\\mathfrak X}\\) is the formal completion \\(\\hat {\\mathcal X}\\) of a scheme \\({\\mathcal X}\\) finitely presented over \\(k^ 0\\) along the closed fibre, then the vanishing cycles sheaves of \\(\\hat {\\mathcal X}\\) are canonically isomorphic to those of \\({\\mathcal X}\\) [as defined by \\textit{P. Deligne} in S\u00e9min. G\u00e9om\u00e9trie alg\u00e9brique, 1967-1969, SGA7 II, Lect. Notes Math. 340, Expos\u00e9 XIII, 82-115 (1973; Zbl 0266.14008)]. In particular, the vanishing cycles sheaves of \\({\\mathcal X}\\) depend only on \\(\\hat {\\mathcal X}\\), and any morphism \\(\\varphi:\\hat {\\mathcal Y} \\to \\hat {\\mathcal X}\\) induces a homomorphism from the pullback of the vanishing cycles sheaves of \\({\\mathcal X}\\) under \\(\\varphi_{\\overline s}:{\\mathcal Y}_{\\overline s} \\to {\\mathcal X}_{\\overline s}\\) to those of \\({\\mathcal Y}\\). Furthermore, one proves that, for each \\(\\hat {\\mathcal X}\\), there exists a nontrivial ideal of \\(k^ 0\\) such that if two morphisms \\(\\varphi,\\psi:\\hat {\\mathcal Y} \\to \\hat {\\mathcal X}\\) coincide modulo this ideal, then the homomorphisms between the vanishing cycles sheaves induced by \\(\\varphi\\) and \\(\\psi\\) coincide. These facts were conjectured by P. Deligne.   The second fact is deduced from a theorem on the continuity of the action of the set of morphisms between two analytic spaces on their \u00e9tale cohomology groups. Its particular case states the following. Let \\(X={\\mathcal M} ({\\mathcal A})\\) be a \\(k\\)-affinoid space, and let \\(f_ 1,\\dots,f_ n\\) be a \\(k\\)-affinoid generating system of elements of \\({\\mathcal A}\\). Then for any discrete \\(\\text{Gal} (k^ s/k)\\)-module \\(\\Lambda\\) and any element of \\(\\alpha \\in H^ q (X,\\Lambda)\\) there exist \\(t_ 1, \\dots,t_ n>0\\) such that, for any pair of morphisms \\(\\varphi,\\psi:Y \\to X\\) over \\(k\\) with \\(\\max_{y \\in Y} | (\\varphi^* f_ i-\\psi^*f_ i)(y) | \\leq t_ i\\), \\(1 \\leq i \\leq n\\), one has \\(\\varphi^*(\\alpha)=\\psi^*(\\alpha)\\) in \\(H^ q(Y,\\Lambda)\\). The essential ingredient of the proof is a generalization of the classical Krasner lemma. This result implies, in particular, the following fact. If a \\(k\\)-analytic group \\(G\\) acts on a \\(k\\)-analytic space \\(X\\), then the \u00e9tale cohomology groups of \\(X\\) with compact support are discrete \\(G(k)\\)-modules. The present paper is based on the previous works of the author [``Spectral theory and analytic geometry over non-Archimedean fields'', Math. Surveys Monographs 33 (1990; Zbl 0715.14013) and ``\u00c9tale cohomology for non-Archimedean analytic spaces'', Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes \u00c9tud. Sci. 78, 5-171 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