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For \\(\\zeta_ f= \\exp(2\\pi i/f)\\), put \\(\\mathbb{Q}(f)= \\mathbb{Q}(\\zeta_ f)\\). Then the cyclotomic number \\(\\varepsilon_ L\\) attached to \\(L\\) is defined by \\(N_{\\mathbb{Q} (f)/L} (1- \\zeta_ f)\\).   In this paper the author studies the relations between the \\(\\varepsilon_ K\\)'s for subfields \\(K\\) of \\(L\\), and the relations between the \\(\\varepsilon_ K\\)'s and the cyclotomic \\(p\\)-units of \\(L\\) introduced by the author in the preceding paper [Invent. Math. 109, 329--350 (1992; Zbl 0772.11043)].   The first part of the paper studies the cyclotomic numbers of \\(L\\). Set \\({\\mathcal S}={\\mathcal S}(L)=\\{\\)subfields \\(K\\) of \\(L\\) with \\(K\\neq \\mathbb{Q}\\}\\cup \\{\\)prime factors of \\(f_ L\\}\\). For a subset \\({\\mathcal T}\\) of \\({\\mathcal S}\\), let \\({\\mathcal D}_{\\mathcal T}\\) denote the \\(\\mathbb{Z} \\text{Gal} (K/\\mathbb{Q})\\)- submodule of \\(L^ \\times\\) generated by the \\(\\varepsilon_ K\\)'s for a field \\(K\\in {\\mathcal T}\\) and an integer \\(r\\in{\\mathcal T}\\). Then \\({\\mathcal D}_{\\mathcal T}\\) is called the group of \\({\\mathcal T}\\)-cyclotomic numbers of \\(L\\). Set \\(W_{\\mathcal T}= \\oplus_{K\\in{\\mathcal T}} \\mathbb{Z} \\text{Gal} (K/\\mathbb{Q}) \\oplus_{r\\in{\\mathcal T}} \\mathbb{Z}\\), and define a surjective homomorphism  \\[ \\alpha_{\\mathcal T}: W_{\\mathcal T}\\to {\\mathcal D}_{\\mathcal T} \\qquad \\text{by} \\qquad \\alpha_{\\mathcal T}(\\sum w_ K\\oplus \\sum w_ r)= \\prod \\varepsilon_ K^{w_ K}\\times \\prod r^{w_ r}. \\]  Let \\(R_{\\mathcal T}\\) denote the kernel of \\(\\alpha_{\\mathcal T}\\). For \\(\\sigma,\\sigma'\\in{\\mathcal T}\\), let \\(w(\\sigma/ \\sigma')\\) denote an element of \\(W_{\\mathcal T}\\) defined explicitly using the norm and Frobenius symbols, and let \\(U_{\\mathcal T}\\) denote the \\(\\mathbb{Z} \\text{Gal} (L/\\mathbb{Q})\\)- submodule generated by \\(w(\\sigma/\\sigma')\\) for \\(\\sigma, \\sigma'\\in {\\mathcal T}\\). Then it is seen that \\(U_{\\mathcal T}\\subset R_{\\mathcal T}\\). Let \\({\\mathcal G}= {\\mathcal G}(L)=\\{\\)cyclic subfields \\(K\\) of \\(L\\) with \\(K\\neq\\mathbb{Q}\\}\\cup\\{\\)prime factors of \\(f_ L\\}\\). Then the author proves as the main result of the paper that \\(U_{\\mathcal G}= R_{\\mathcal G}\\) and \\(R_{\\mathcal T}/ U_{\\mathcal T}\\) is finite if \\({\\mathcal T}\\supset{\\mathcal G}\\).   In the second part of the paper the author uses the cyclotomic numbers to study the cyclotomic \\(p\\)-units. Let \\(p\\) be a fixed rational prime and assume that \\(p\\) is completely decomposed in \\(L\\). Let \\(E_ p^ +(L)\\) denote the group of totally real \\(p\\)-units of \\(L\\). Then for \\(\\sigma\\in{\\mathcal S}\\) the cyclotomic \\(p\\)-unit \\(\\kappa_ \\sigma\\) is defined as an element of \\(E_p^+(L)\\oplus_{\\mathbb{Z}} \\mathbb{Z}_ p\\), whose properties were studied in the paper mentioned above. Let \\({\\mathcal K}_{\\mathcal S}\\) denote the group of cyclotomic \\(p\\)-units of \\(L\\), and define a surjective homomorphism \\(\\delta_{\\mathcal S}: W_{\\mathcal S}\\to {\\mathcal K}_{\\mathcal S}\\) similarly to the cyclotomic numbers. Then it is proved that there exists a \\(\\mathbb{Z} \\text{Gal} (L/\\mathbb{Q})\\)-isomorphism \\(\\theta: {\\mathcal D}_{\\mathcal S}\\to {\\mathcal K}_{\\mathcal S}\\) such that \\(\\theta\\circ \\alpha_{\\mathcal S}= \\delta_{\\mathcal 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