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If \\({\\mathfrak e}\\) is a subset of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\), such as a vector subspace or, better still, a subalgebra, then the set  \\[ {\\mathfrak Z} ({\\mathfrak e}) {\\buildrel {\\text{def}} \\over =} \\bigcup \\biggl\\{ {\\mathfrak z} (y,{\\mathfrak g}) \\mid 0 \\neq y \\in {\\mathfrak e} \\biggr\\}=\\biggl\\{ x \\in {\\mathfrak g} \\mid (\\exists y \\in {\\mathfrak e})\\;y \\neq 0,[x,y]=0 \\biggr\\} \\]  is shown to be a Zariski closed subset of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\). Suppose that a subalgebra \\({\\mathfrak e}\\) of a real or complex Lie algebra \\({\\mathfrak g}\\) satisfies certain embedding properties and let \\({\\mathfrak h}\\) be a Cartan subalgebra. Then the set of all subalgebras \\({\\mathfrak h} \\cap \\varphi ({\\mathfrak e})\\) is finite as \\(\\varphi\\) ranges through the group of all inner automorphisms of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\). If, in addition, \\({\\mathfrak e}\\) does not contain any nonzero ideals of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\), then every conjugacy class of Cartan subalgebras of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\) contains a member \\({\\mathfrak h}\\) such that \\({\\mathfrak h} \\cap {\\mathfrak e}=\\{0\\}\\). This implies, in particular, that under these circumstances, the codimension \\(\\dim {\\mathfrak g}-\\dim {\\mathfrak e}\\) of \\({\\mathfrak e}\\) in \\({\\mathfrak g}\\) is at least the rank of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\) \\((=\\dim {\\mathfrak h})\\) and that the ``porcupine variety \\({\\mathfrak Z} ({\\mathfrak e})\\)'' is a proper subset of \\({\\mathfrak g}\\). Sharper information is provided on the dimension of this variety and sufficient conditions are given under which it does not exceed \\(\\dim {\\mathfrak g}-2\\). These results are applied to the solution of a problem in geometric control theory on Lie 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