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The well- known Kummer's criterion states that \\(p\\mid h_ p^ -\\) if and only if \\(p\\mid B_{2k}\\) for some \\(1\\leq k\\leq (p-3)/2\\). (\\(B_ n\\) means the Bernoulli number.) The \\(p\\)-Sylow subgroup \\(U\\) of the class group of \\(\\mathbb{Q}(\\zeta)\\) (called sometimes ``the irregular class group'') can be expressed as a direct sum \\(U= \\bigoplus_{i=0}^{p-2} U^{\\omega^ i}\\), where \\(\\omega\\) is the Teichm\u00fcller character. The ``minus part'' \\(U^ -\\) of \\(U\\) is defined as this sum over the odd \\(i\\). Then \\(| U^ -|\\) equals the \\(p\\)-part of \\(h_ p^ -\\).    The core of this paper consists of the following theorem:    Theorem 1.1. Let \\(i\\) be odd, \\(3\\leq i\\leq p-2\\). Then \\(U^{\\omega^ i}\\neq 0\\) if and only if \\(p\\) divides \\(B_{p-i}\\).    The direction ``\\(\\Leftarrow\\)'' is due to \\textit{K. Ribet} [Invent. Math. 34, 151-162 (1976; Zbl 0338.12003)] and the converse direction ``\\(\\Rightarrow\\)'' is often quoted as the Herbrand theorem [\\textit{J. Herbrand}, J. Math. Pures Appl., IX. S\u00e9r. 11, 417-441 (1932; Zbl 0006.00802)]. In fact it had been shown by \\textit{F. Pollaczek} [Math. Z. 21, 1-38 (1924), \\S6]. Theorem 1.1 can be generalized for subfields of \\(\\mathbb{Q}(\\zeta)\\) in the natural way.    The author gives a cohomological interpretation of these statements using the spectral sequence of \\textit{M. Atiyah} [Inst. Haut. \u00c9tud. Sci., Publ. Math. 9, 247-288 (1961; Zbl 0107.023)]. The Bernoulli number \\(B_{2k}/ 2k\\) enters as the quotient of the orders of the coefficients in two adjacent dimensions for the used cohomology theory. The \\(p\\)-divisibility condition amounts to the non-vanishing of a certain characteristic class.    The paper contains 6 sections: 1. Variants of Kummer's criterion, 2. Representation theory, 3. Algebraic and topological \\(K\\)-theory, 4. Completion theorems, 5. Arithmetic interpretation, 6. 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