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Thus, a refutation system is every pair consisting of a set of axioms \\(\\ldashv\\varphi\\) and a set of refutation rules: If \\(\\lvdash\\varphi_ 1,\\dots,\\lvdash \\varphi_ k\\), \\(\\ldashv \\psi_ 1,\\dots,\\ldashv \\psi_ n\\), then \\(\\ldashv\\psi\\). The paper contains a historical part on refutation logics and general considerations about such deductive systems. Refutation systems are proposed for various logics. The second part of the paper deals with Gentzen-style refutation rules being a new approach in the area. Besides the cited references, the following technical report may be useful: \\textit{Tomasz Skura}: ``Refutation procedures for intuitionistic and modal logics'' [Konstanzer Berichte Logik und Information 37, Universit\u00e4t Konstanz, Zentrum Philosophie und 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