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The equipotential of two masses \\((m_ 1,P_ 1)\\), \\((m_ 2,P_ 2)\\) is the circle of Apollonius \\(c_{12} : m_ 2 \\cdot | P - P_ 1| = m_ 1 \\cdot | P - P_ 2|\\). The authors prove several fundamental properties of these ``circles of equal potential'', for instance: For three masses \\((m_ i,P_ i)\\), \\(i = 1,2,3\\), the three circles \\(c_{12}\\), \\(c_{23}\\), \\(c_{13}\\) belong to a single pencil of circles; its radical axis contains the circumcentre of \\(\\Delta P_ 1 P_ 2 P_ 3\\) (Prop. 2). Given a pair of conjugate pencils of circles with focal points \\(F\\) and \\(G\\), a mass distribution in the plane \\(\\mathbb{R}^ 2\\) with the mass \\(m_ i\\) at each point \\(P_ i\\) proportional to \\((| P_ i - F| \\cdot | P_ i - G|)^{1/2}\\) has the property that the circle of equal potential of two masses belongs to one of the pencils if and only if the two masses lie on an arc of a circle in the other pencil; these are the only mass distributions with this property (Theorem 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