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Then the universal envelope \\(U(L)\\) is a free associative algebra on \\(x_ 1,\\dots, x_ n\\). If \\(f\\in U(L)\\) has zero constant term then \\(f\\) has a unique representation \\(f=\\sum_{i=1}^ n x_ i u_ i\\), where \\(u_ i\\in U(L)\\). Put \\(u_ i= {{\\partial f} \\over {\\partial x_ i}}\\).   Assume that \\(\\varphi\\) is an endomorphism of the Lie algebra \\(L\\) and \\(f_ j= \\varphi(x_ j)\\), \\(j=1,\\dots, n\\). Denote by \\(J(\\varphi)\\) the Jacobi matrix \\(J(\\varphi)= {{\\partial f_ j} \\over {\\partial x_ i}}\\). The following are equivalent: (i) \\(\\varphi\\) is an automorphism of \\(L\\); (ii) the matrix \\(J(\\varphi)\\) is invertible in \\(\\text{Mat} (n,U(L))\\).   A similar result is proved for a relatively free Lie algebra \\(\\widetilde{L}\\) of a variety \\(N_ c V\\) where \\(N_ c\\) is a variety of all nilpotent Lie algebras of a class \\(\\leq c+1\\) and \\(V\\) is an arbitrary proper variety of Lie algebras.   Let \\(\\widetilde{L}\\) be a free algebra of rank \\(n\\) in a variety \\(N_ c A\\) where \\(A\\) is the variety of all abelian Lie algebras. If \\(f_ 1,\\dots, f_ m\\in \\widetilde{L}\\) then the following are equivalent: (iii) \\(f_ 1,\\dots, f_ m\\) can be extended to a base of \\(\\widetilde{L}\\); (iv) the matrix \\(J(\\varphi)\\) of size \\(n\\times m\\) is left invertible.   Analogous results for groups have been obtained by \\textit{V. A. Roman'kov} [Ukr. Math. J. 43, No. 7/8, 930-935 (1991); translation from Ukr. Mat. Zh. 43, No. 7/8, 996-1002 (1991; Zbl 0743.20033)] and by \\textit{E. I. Timoshenko}.   The last theorem of the paper states that automorphisms of free polynilpotent Lie algebras of finiterank are algorithmically recognizable among all its 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