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Under reasonable assumptions on the collision kernel, it is shown that  \\[ \\bigl |Q^+ (f,g) \\bigr |_{H^{N - 1 \\over 2}} \\leq C |f |_{L^1} |g |_{ L^2} \\tag{1}  \\]  if \\(g \\in L^2 (\\mathbb{R}^N_v)\\), \\(f \\in L^1 (\\mathbb{R}^N_v)\\) \\((f\\) and \\(g\\) can be exchanged). The proof given in part I of the paper is based on Fourier integral operators. We mention that a more direct proof based on Radon transformations has more recently been given by \\textit{B. Wennberg} [Commun. Partial Differ. Equations 19, No. 11-12, 2057-2074 (1994; Zbl 0818.35128).]   The author discusses the implications of this ``compactness estimate'' for the existence theory of renormalized solutions of the Boltzmann equation. The main improvement over the original proof is that if \\(f^n \\to f\\) weakly in \\(L^1 (\\mathbb{R}^{2N} \\times (0,T))\\) (where \\((f^n)\\) is a sequence of renormalized solutions of the Boltzmann equation), then \\(Q^+ (f^n, f^n)\\) converges in measure on \\(\\mathbb{R}^N_x \\times \\{|v |< R \\} \\times (0,T)\\) to \\(Q^+ (f,f) \\) \\(\\forall R\\), \\(T \\in (0, \\infty)\\). Another application of the estimate (1) is a new proof of strong convergence to equilibrium for renormalized solutions of the Boltzmann equation in a box with periodic boundary conditions.   In part II of this work, it is shown that a subsequence of the \\(f^n\\) will converge strongly in \\(C([0,T]; L^1 (\\mathbb{R}^{2N}))\\) to a renormalized solution \\(f\\) if strong \\(L^1\\)-convergence holds for the initial values. Then a class of new inequalities (referred to as ``dissipation inequalities'') satisfied by smooth solutions of the Boltzmann equation is derived, and it is shown that a renormalized solution satisfying these inequalities exists. As the final application of these inequalities, it is shown that if a strong solution of the Boltzmann equation exists, then every renormalized solution satisfying such inequalities will coincide with this strong solution.   [Part III, cf. ibid. 34, No. 3, 539-584 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