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Let further \\(A\\) be the Dedekind ring of elements of \\(k\\) regular off \\(\\infty\\), and \\({\\mathfrak p}\\) a (non-zero) prime ideal. With \\({\\mathfrak p}\\), one can associate an abelian extension \\(k({\\mathfrak p})\\) of \\(k\\), which is similar to the field of \\(p\\)-th roots of unity \\(k(p):= \\mathbb{Q}(\\zeta_ p)\\) over \\(k:= \\mathbb{Q}\\). We have \\(k\\subset H_ \\infty \\subset k^ + ({\\mathfrak p}) \\subset k({\\mathfrak p})\\), where \\(H_ \\infty\\) is the ring class field of \\(A\\) and \\(k^ + ({\\mathfrak p})\\) the ``maximal real subfield of \\(k({\\mathfrak p})\\)'', i.e., the maximal abelian extension of \\(k\\) unramified off \\({\\mathfrak p}\\) and completely split at \\(\\infty\\). The Galois groups are as follows (where \\(C\\ell\\) means ``class group''):  \\[ C\\ell(A) {\\overset \\cong \\longrightarrow} \\text{Gal} (H_ \\infty/k), \\qquad (A/{\\mathfrak p})^* {\\overset \\cong \\longrightarrow} \\text{Gal} (k({\\mathfrak p})/k), \\qquad \\mathbb{F}_ q^* {\\overset \\cong \\longrightarrow} \\text{Gal} (k({\\mathfrak p}) /k^ +({\\mathfrak p})). \\]  In this situation, there are several natural Galois modules: divisor class groups of \\(k({\\mathfrak p})\\), \\(k^ +({\\mathfrak p})\\), \\(H_ \\infty\\), of their respective rings of \\(A\\)-integers, groups of units, of cyclotomic units etc. The connection between these objects has been studied by Galovich-Rosen, Goss, Hayes, Okada, Oukhaba, and others. In particular, in the case where \\(k= \\mathbb{F}_ q(T)\\) and \\(\\infty\\) is the usual infinite place, D. Goss proved a useful criterion for \\(C\\ell(O^ +({\\mathfrak p}))\\) to have a non-trivial \\(p\\)-part [cf. \\textit{D. Goss}, The arithmetic of function fields; de Gruyter, 313-402 (1992; Zbl 0806.11028); \\(O^ + ({\\mathfrak p})= A\\)-integers in \\(k^ +({\\mathfrak p})\\)]. It is analogous with the classical Kummer criterion and involves the divisibility by \\({\\mathfrak p}\\) of the so-called ``Bernoulli-Carlitz numbers'' \\(B_ i\\in k= \\mathbb{F}_ q (T)\\), which may be defined and calculated from the exponential function associated with the Carlitz module.    In the present article, the author extends Goss' Kummer-like criterion to non-rational function fields (but \\(\\infty\\) still of degree one). The presence of non-principal ideals creates considerable technical difficulties, in particular, the ``numbers'' \\(B_ i\\) have to be replaced by ideals. The precise result is given as ``Main Theorem 2'' (in fact, it encompasses the author's ``Main Theorem 1''): If a certain isotypic component \\(C\\ell^{(p)} (O^ + ({\\mathfrak p})) (\\omega^ i)\\) of the \\(p\\)- part of \\(C\\ell(O^ + ({\\mathfrak p}))\\) is non-zero, the prime \\({\\mathfrak p}\\) must divide the ``\\(i\\)-th Bernoulli ideal'' \\(B_ i\\) of \\(A\\).    The line of proofs is as follows. As in the classical case, the relevant class numbers may be expressed as unit indices (Theorem 4.2). Then, following a construction due to \\textit{S. Okada} [J. Number Theory, 38, No. 2, 212-215 (1991; Zbl 0728.11031)], a ``Kummer homomorphism'' from a local unit group of \\(k({\\mathfrak p})\\) to \\(O(H_ \\infty)/ {\\mathfrak p} O(H_ \\infty)\\) is defined (section 3), whose effect may be described through the ideals \\(B_ i\\) (Proposition 4.7). This gives the wanted relationship. In an appendix, the Bernoulli ideals \\(B_ i\\) introduced by the author in section 2 are identified as those defined earlier by 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