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This is motivated by fatigue analysis (the analysis of the fatigue in a mechanical part in response to strain). Empirical evidence suggests that the degree of fatigue experienced by a part is strongly related to the number of times the strain/stress function traverses upwards across the intervals \\(\\{(x,y) : x < y\\}\\). Thus estimation of the upcrossing measure for the strain function becomes an important practical question. Variants of this measure are known in engineering as the rainflow or range-pair-range statistic.   Let \\(X(t)\\), \\(t \\in R\\), be a cadlag stationary process and let \\(u(X,x,y)\\) denote the number of upcrossings of the interval \\((x,y)\\) by \\(X\\) in the period \\([0,T]\\). The paper describes a discrete random measure \\(\\nu\\) on \\(\\Delta = \\{(x,y) \\in R^ 2 : x < y\\}\\) such that \\(\\nu_{[0,T]} (X, (- \\infty,x] \\times [y,\\infty)) = u(X,x,y)\\), and proves that as \\(T \\to \\infty\\), \\(T^{-1} \\nu_{[0,T]} (X, \\cdot)\\) converges almost surely in the vague topology to a Radon measure, \\(\\widetilde \\mu\\). For ergodic processes, \\(\\widetilde \\mu\\) is deterministic. Chapter 2 provides rigorous definitions of the upcrossings and related measures for deterministic \\(X\\), and establishes useful additivity properties. Chapter 3 states and proves the desired law of large numbers. The proof uses Kingman's subadditive ergodic theorem and the previous additivity properties. Chapter 4 presents 5 examples where \\(\\widetilde \\mu\\) is calculated. 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