{"entities":{"Q1344347":{"pageid":1355086,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1344347","lastrevid":70203375,"modified":"2026-04-13T13:08:41Z","type":"item","id":"Q1344347","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On the discrepancy of quadratic congruential pseudorandom numbers with power of two modulus"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 721016"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$3DFA890C-758A-464F-99D3-93EB6A6A438B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"2d007810eade0620257688e0f36ce75d58d778c7","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On the discrepancy of quadratic congruential pseudorandom numbers with power of two modulus","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$91170E4E-05E7-432F-B945-11B1DD18167C","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"9f1742b51139e1c1e919ecf0f3532c6af857fa07","datavalue":{"value":"0827.65003","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$EE98ED47-E9EB-44A4-B45D-4D95FA8534EF","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"c94acdec557cacc5ee1e9549fe15f975b8b1e04b","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/0377-0427(94)90064-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$64A46091-67D8-4C1A-9B9D-73C849DDE9E6","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"9291c21615d62497aa2bb6404791ba4d7844695d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":61355,"id":"Q61355"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$51187448-5FFD-4109-990A-837938565B19","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"57214d04ae05943a5137d82d5301ca8fec913bba","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1995-12-11T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$32215F5B-24DC-4957-B2A7-958091798F36","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"77aaa37e1910895c0215a0d6068868528d5c2dd7","datavalue":{"value":"Consider an integer-valued sequence \\(y_{n+1} = ay^2_n + by_n + c \\text{ mod }m\\) \\((m = 2^l\\geq 5)\\). Then  \\[ (x_n \\equiv y_n/m)_{n \\geq 0} \\subset [0,1) \\]  serves as a pseudorandom sequence approximating the independently sampled realizations of a random variable with the uniform distribution on \\([0,1)\\). For any fixed integer \\(k \\geq 3\\) consider a statistical discrepancy of \\(N\\) generated \\(k\\)-tuples \\({\\mathbf x}_0, {\\mathbf x}_1, \\dots, {\\mathbf x}_{N - 1}\\) from \\([0,1)^k\\) defined as \\(D^{(k)}_N = \\sup_J \\left |{\\#({\\mathbf x}_i \\in J) \\over N} - \\text{Volume}(J) \\right |\\), where \\(J\\) is a \\(k\\)- dimensional cube \\(\\subset [0,1)^k\\) and \\({\\mathbf x}_n = (x_n, x_{n+1}, \\dots, x_{n + k - 1}) \\in [0,1)^k\\). It is shown that \\(D^{(k)}_m \\geq \\text{Const }m^-{1\\over 3}\\) and a disappointing conclusion about the goodness of the generator is reached based on the probabilistic result \\(D^{(k)}_m \\geq \\text{Const }m^{-{1\\over 2}}\\) for a truly random sequence.   Unfortunately, such a comparison is not well suited here because the probabilistic analysis assumes the \\(k\\)-tuples to be independent random vectors, whereas in the case under consideration the successive \\(k\\)- tuples have \\(k - 1\\) random variables in common, which makes them highly correlated and consequently a larger discrepancy factor ought to be exptected (as proven by the author, via complex exponential sum technique for integer-lattice). Incidently, it would be of interest to obtain the discrepancy estimate for the nonoverlapping \\(k\\)-tuples, which is expected to only decrease, and might reveal the actual goodness (or lack of it) of the generator in question.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$87D891DD-9067-4314-8739-537AB699E4DC","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"c6dc32161cfbbc0543faafed5e6c564351d5db2f","datavalue":{"value":"65C10","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$4400871F-0B87-4A08-9DB1-A6CF8181856B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"cf81afcab7665ec308b53ada4821336ea108ff8c","datavalue":{"value":"11K45","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$9C9D73F7-000B-45BA-AF44-316B70338BE5","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"718e5e52fdf34c4e2b66ce2e514dbcab2d05cc74","datavalue":{"value":"721016","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$3BBA672D-F598-4D0B-BF5C-4A55377524E7","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"09835ce965244a6cd1d1e93692884630abdd720c","datavalue":{"value":"quadratic congruential pseudorandom numbers","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$B887B73D-4D63-4DCE-8C45-416C598A2E26","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"551006a2aad161688e84d5cceb1235e8ab6157b1","datavalue":{"value":"law of the iterated logarithm","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$799FC6C4-05A4-402D-A99B-B64F3044E0F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"93f0a0d6a03d141dda7354271b2fb680104125ed","datavalue":{"value":"statistical discrepancy","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$15022A12-CF99-4C47-A62C-07BBF9D60D50","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fb5db4fef6e674ec71e52adc883e0a5a7fe2f85d","datavalue":{"value":"complex exponential sum","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$7541FB60-A5A3-4CFA-BC77-3FEE9862CD0B","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"313c425fc979e062d4ee1520c4c27b6a9eac8cec","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":678813,"id":"Q678813"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$54920B03-03B6-441C-BBB2-C962903152BB","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"3598fa5ea35e445ac806796d545cbad9c63d8bf3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":797198,"id":"Q797198"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$549F3009-CFF3-44C5-88F8-00B1F9F7D727","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$465D4E95-2CBF-4897-9AC8-BAC9CB466D0E","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"368c0db4d6cc377a2d06578458abaa179cb399ba","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0427(94)90064-7","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$B761CFD6-133F-4820-8907-30461D9D948F","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"e18339ccdf6a23e57d3f7fbc3312e34d907ed4bc","datavalue":{"value":"W1974773451","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$944CC91A-7E10-41DD-9174-D4762C117867","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2ef81e5f9182d7745a70c2e82142d68458fbe2e2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1195746,"id":"Q1195746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$8C2FB296-1E04-48E4-92E1-8C40B0D491E2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a05bed0334613214d9fb9c965e3dc2598455ad6d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4024537,"id":"Q4024537"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$7A2D199A-A966-4FFF-8269-B6452C394009","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"42843e06f42224da5e108077c7d38cf63502e1cc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":807667,"id":"Q807667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$E6AD066E-78D8-4590-8425-5914CF3FE0D7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"858cde9414bf1027a66aa1f875bd635ae78fe219","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2626438,"id":"Q2626438"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$BB9FDAC5-B4EF-46FC-8FAE-4E0F65975490","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b6d0ff209a8c00e6853b2c43b2e31810805788f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3935355,"id":"Q3935355"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$7DC934A7-2569-4053-B5FE-153DA62C2F77","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d2e72f381faaf43284c4634c358013e6249e154c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3490839,"id":"Q3490839"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$A982F215-3462-4982-A62B-8FD5DC8F6FAA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ef77cc9afbf0080381f074507db6be20df3809ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1176851,"id":"Q1176851"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$1583EC2B-02CD-4629-8A8B-A30006DCB89B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"027df8bdf8699e71b027b511f354ddc26e7905d3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4003879,"id":"Q4003879"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1344347$350BCCA3-2E5F-4962-9A8D-68B806EF175F","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a8f59fdfc308efe9d4b6625f664af0d41209e5e3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1195746,"id":"Q1195746"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"33e7102be9c4a7e29f1ad11b6abefc0503f9cb17","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9003003239631653","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1344347$6ECD7D8E-2D92-4A22-8084-47AF9C9569CA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"30b5b47ee0f9dcd432dd5bfe5f42006980a588e8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4763941,"id":"Q4763941"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"33e7102be9c4a7e29f1ad11b6abefc0503f9cb17","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.9003003239631653","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1344347$899C5E37-5A46-4C9D-AD4A-1974B96CDC4B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"492428f1986baa2c57b28d607c47e96665c00f8d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":807667,"id":"Q807667"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"eabae5c836b3c656df4d8fb0129c9ab348ffa353","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8870128393173218","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1344347$9FAF1AF3-4BCE-4BFA-BA5C-99EEF53386F5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"553f9f91a54989c96421bf28715c473040bb1515","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1901980,"id":"Q1901980"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"fde70d4499c7fd94f4ffc02e3438751219734353","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8730506896972656","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1344347$EF06672F-977A-493C-94CF-6955A67F6E20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5f63387c0a99e3e6ae551f705a3fd79774e1a4fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4024690,"id":"Q4024690"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c7c280bf742a03875e3c451cfa5659d74a1d3287","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8725268244743347","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1344347$8C9EFD49-729A-436B-A378-762D66DBA928","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On the discrepancy of quadratic congruential pseudorandom numbers with power of two modulus","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/On_the_discrepancy_of_quadratic_congruential_pseudorandom_numbers_with_power_of_two_modulus"}}}}}