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The articles of the book base on lectures given at a colloquium at Paris in 1987. Editors and authors intended to make a contribution to the history of fractions. Till now a history of fractions doesn't exist. The particular articles give an insight into the role played by fractions in various historical epochs. The topics of the several articles are as follows: \\textit{J. Ritter}, Metrology and the prehistory of fractions; \\textit{M. Caveing}, Le statut arithm\u00e9tique du quanti\u00e8me \u00e9gyptien (The arithmetic status of the Egyptian quanti\u00e8me); \\textit{M. Guillemot}, Les notations et les pratiques op\u00e9ratoires permettent-elles de parler de ``fractions \u00e9gyptiennes''? (Do notational and operational practices allow us to speak of Egyptian fractions?); \\textit{E. M. Bruins}, La construction des tables num\u00e9riques en M\u00e9sopotamie (The construction of numerical tables in Mesopotamia); \\textit{C. Michel}, Les fractions dans les tablettes \u00e9conomiques du d\u00e9but du second mill\u00e9naire en Assyrie et en Babylonie (Fractions in the economic tablets of the early second millenium in Assyria and Babylonia); \\textit{S. D\u00e9mare}-\\textit{Lafont}, Les partages successoraux pal\u00e9obabyloniens (Division of inherited property in Old Babylonian times); \\textit{J.-J. Glassner}, Du bon usage des fractions (On the proper use of fractions); \\textit{D. Fowler}, Logistic and fractions in early Greek mathematics: a new interpretation; \\textit{B. Vitrac}, Logistique et fractions dans le monde hell\u00e9nistique (Logistic and fractions in the Hellenistic world); D'Orient en Occident: le Moyen Age des fractions (From the Orient to the Occident: the Middle Ages of fractions); \\textit{K. Chemla}, Les fractions comme mod\u00e8le formel en Chine ancienne (Fractions as a formal model in Ancient China); \\textit{G. Mazars}, Les fractions dans l'Inde ancienne, de la civilisation de l'Indus \u00e0 Mah\u0101v\u012bra (IXe si\u00e8cle) (Fractions in Ancient India, from the Indus civilization to Mah\u0101v\u012bra (ninth century)); \\textit{A. Djebbar}, Le traitement des fractions dans la tradition math\u00e9matique arabe du Maghreb (The treatment of fractions in the Arab mathematical tradition of the Maghreb); \\textit{M. Aballagh}, Les fractions entre la th\u00e9orie et la pratique chez Ibn al-Bann\u0101' al-Murr\u0101ku\u0161i (1256-1321) (Fractions between theory and practice in the work of Ibn al-Bann\u0101' al- Murr\u0101ku\u0161i (1256-1321)); \\textit{K. Chemla}, \\textit{A. Djebbar} and \\textit{G. Mazars}, Mondes arabe, chinois, indien: quelques points communs dans le traitement des nombres fractionnaires (The Arab, Chinese and Indian worlds: some common points in the treatment of fractional numbers); \\textit{T. L\u00e9vy}, Notes sur le traitement des fractions dans les premiers \u00e9crits math\u00e9matiques r\u00e9dig\u00e9s en h\u00e9breu (The treatment of fractions in the earliest mathematical writings in Hebrew); \\textit{A. Allard}, Le traitement des fractions dans les premiers textes latins du XIIe si\u00e8cle influenc\u00e9s par l'arithm\u00e9tique arabe (The treatment of fractions in the earliest Latin texts of the twelfth century influenced by Arabic arithmetics); \\textit{P. Benoit}, Arithm\u00e9tiques commerciales et compatibilit\u00e9s dans la France m\u00e9di\u00e9vale (Commercial arithmetics and accounts in medieval France); \\textit{R. Franci}, Des fractions arithm\u00e9tiques aux fractions alg\u00e9briques dans les trattati d'abaco du XIVe si\u00e8cle (From arithmetical fractions to algebraic fractions in the trattati d'abaco of the fourteenth century); \\textit{J. Cassinet}, La relation d'ordre entre rapports dans les El\u00e9ments d'Euclide: d\u00e9veloppements au XVIIe si\u00e8cle (Order relations among ratios in Euclid's Elements: seventeenth century developments); \\textit{C. Jami}, Rencontre entre arithm\u00e9tiques chinoise et occidentale au XVIIe si\u00e8cle (The meeting between Chinese and Western arithmetics in the seventeenth century); \\textit{C. Goldstein}, Fractions de nagu\u00e8re (Today's fractions).   The entire collection demonstrates the changing importance of fractions in the history of mathematics and shows in this way the different understanding of the number concept at various times and geographical regions. Most of the articles are written in French, and some in English as indicated above. The book is completed with many illustrations, an extensive index and short biographies of the contributors. In addition each article includes a detailed bibliography of primary and secondary sources.  Indexed articles:  \\textit{Ritter, James}, Metrology and the prehistory of fractions, 19-34, 403, 409 [Zbl 1067.01505]  \\textit{Caveing, Maurice}, The arithmetical status of the Egyptian ``quantieme'', 39-52, 403, 409 [Zbl 1067.01503]  \\textit{Guillemot, Michel}, Do operational practices and notations allow us to speak of ``Egyptian fractions''?, 53-69, 403, 409 [Zbl 1067.01504]  \\textit{Bruins, Evert M.}, The construction of numerical tables in Mesopotamia, 75-85, 403, 409 [Zbl 1067.01506]  \\textit{Michel, C\u00e9cile}, Fractions in commercial tablets of the early second millenium B.C. in Assyria and Babylonia, 87-101, 404, 409 [Zbl 1067.01509]  \\textit{D\u00e9mare-Lafont, Sophie}, Division of inherited property in the paleo-Babylonian period, 103-114, 404, 410 [Zbl 1067.01507]  \\textit{Glassner, Jean-Jacques}, On the proper use of fractions, 115-127, 404, 410 [Zbl 1067.01508]  \\textit{Fowler, David H.}, Logistic and fractions in early Greek mathematics: a new interpretation, 133-147, 404, 410 [Zbl 1067.01511]  \\textit{Vitrac, Bernard}, Logistics and fractions in the Hellenistic world, 149-172, 404-405, 410 [Zbl 1067.01517]  \\textit{Chemla, Karine}, Fractions as a formal model in ancient China, 189-207, 405, 410 [Zbl 1067.01518]  \\textit{Mazars, Guy}, Fractions in ancient India, from the Indus civilization to Mahavira (IXth century), 209-218, 405, 410 [Zbl 1067.01535]  \\textit{Djebbar, Ahmed}, The treatment of fractions in the Arab mathematical tradition of the Maghreb, 223-245, 405, 411 [Zbl 1067.01525]  \\textit{Aballagh, Mohamed}, Fractions between theory and practice in Ibn al-Banna al-Murrakusi (1256--1321), 247-258, 405-406, 411 [Zbl 1067.01520]  \\textit{Chemla, Karine; Djebbar, Ahmed; Mazars, Guy}, The Arab, Chinese and Indian worlds: some common points in the treatment of fractional numbers, 263-276, 406, 411 [Zbl 1067.01523]  \\textit{L\u00e9vy, Tony}, Notes on the treatment of fractions in the first mathematical writings in Hebrew (IXth and XIIth centuries), 277-289, 406, 411 [Zbl 1067.01538]  \\textit{Allard, Andr\u00e9}, The treatment of fractions in the first Latin texts of the XIIth century influenced by Arab arithmetic, 291-302, 406, 412 [Zbl 1067.01536]  \\textit{Benoit, Paul}, Commercial arithmetiques and accounts in medieval France, 307-323, 406, 412 [Zbl 1067.01537]  \\textit{Franci, Raffaella}, From arithmetical fractions to algebraic fractions in the abacus treatises of the XIVth century, 325-334, 407, 412 [Zbl 1067.01527]  \\textit{Cassinet, Jean}, Order relations among ratios in Euclid's \\textit{Elements}: XVIIth-century developments, 341-350, 407, 412 [Zbl 1067.01541]  \\textit{Jami, Catherine}, The meeting of Chinese and Western mathematics in the XVIIth century, 351-373, 407, 413 [Zbl 1067.01519]  \\textit{Goldstein, Catherine}, Fractions lately, 375-389, 407, 413 [Zbl 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