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Denote by \\(H^{\\text{alg}}_{m-1} (M, \\mathbb{Z}/2)\\) the subgroup of the homology group \\(H_{m-1} (M, \\mathbb{Z}/2)\\) which consists of all homology classes represented by Zariski closed real algebraic hypersurfaces of \\(M\\). Let \\(H^ 1_{\\text{alg}} (M,\\mathbb{Z}/2)\\) be the image of \\(H^{\\text{alg}}_{m-1} (M, \\mathbb{Z}/2)\\) under the Poincar\u00e9 duality isomorphism \\(H_{m-1} \\to H^ 1\\). The group \\(H^ 1_{\\text{alg}} (M,\\mathbb{Z}/2)\\) is an important invariant with numerous interesting applications.   In the paper under review one investigates the group \\(H^ 1_{\\text{alg}} (M, \\mathbb{Z}/2)\\) where \\(M\\) is the underlying real algebraic variety of a complex projective nonsingular variety. Every complex projective variety \\(V\\) can be, in the obvious way, considered as a real algebraic variety and, as such, will be denoted by \\(V_ \\mathbb{R}\\). Of course, \\(\\dim V_ \\mathbb{R} = 2 \\dim V\\). Moreover, \\(V_ \\mathbb{R}\\) is an affine real algebraic variety and if \\(V\\) is nonsingular, then \\(V_ \\mathbb{R}\\) is also nonsingular. Define \\(d(V) = \\dim_{\\mathbb{Z}/2} H^ 1_{\\text{alg}} (V_ \\mathbb{R}, \\mathbb{Z}/2)\\). In many cases, \\(d(V)\\) is strictly less than \\(\\dim_{\\mathbb{Z}/2} H^ 1(V_ \\mathbb{R}, \\mathbb{Z}/2)\\), which makes \\(d(V)\\) an interesting invariant. The paper contains the computation (or at least estimates) of \\(d(V)\\) for a large class of complex projective nonsingular varieties \\(V\\). Here are samples of results. Let \\(\\text{Alb} (V)\\) be the Albanese variety of \\(V\\) and \\(\\text{End(Alb} (V))\\) its ring of endomorphisms. If \\(\\dim V = 1\\), \\(\\text{Alb}(V)\\) is just the jacobian \\(\\text{Jac} (V)\\) of \\(V\\).   Theorem 1. One has \\(d(V) \\leq \\text{rank End(Alb} (V))\\). Let us recall that for a generic abelian variety \\(A\\) (resp. generic complex projective nonsingular curve \\(V)\\), one has \\(\\text{End} (A) \\approx \\mathbb{Z}\\) (resp. End (Jac\\((V)) \\approx \\mathbb{Z})\\). It follows that for a generic abelian variety \\(A\\) (resp. generic projective curve \\(V)\\), one has \\(d(A) \\leq 1\\) (resp. \\(d(V) \\leq 1)\\).   Theorem 2. Let \\(V\\) be a complex projective irreducible nonsingular curve of positive genus, defined over \\(\\mathbb{R}\\), and let \\(V(\\mathbb{R})\\) be its real part. If \\(V_ \\mathbb{R} \\backslash V (\\mathbb{R})\\) is disconnected or \\(V(\\mathbb{R}) = \\emptyset\\), then \\(d(V) \\leq \\text{rank End(Jac}(VI))-1\\).   Corollary 3. For \\(V\\) as in theorem 2, if \\(\\text{End(Jac} (V)) \\cong \\mathbb{Z}\\), then \\(d(V) = 1\\) if \\(V_ \\mathbb{R} \\backslash V (\\mathbb{R})\\) is connected and \\(V(\\mathbb{R}) \\neq \\emptyset\\), \\(d(V) = 0\\) otherwise.   Theorem 4. For every complex elliptic curve \\(E\\) without complex multiplication, one has \\(d(E)\\leq 1\\). If, moreover, the \\(j\\)- invariant \\(j(E)\\) of \\(E\\) is in \\(\\mathbb{R}\\), then \\(d(E) = 0\\) if \\(j(E) > 1728\\), \\(d(E)=1\\) if \\(j(E) < 1728\\).   Proposition 5. For \\(k = 0, 1\\) or 2 let \\(B_ k = \\{j \\in \\mathbb{C} \\mid j = j(E)\\), \\(E\\) is a complex elliptic curve, \\(d(E) = k\\}\\). Then each of these sets is dense in \\(\\mathbb{C}\\), the sets \\(B_ 0\\) and \\(B_ 1\\) are uncountable, and \\(B_ 2\\) is countable.   Theorem 6. Let \\(V\\) be a complex projective irreducible nonsingular curve and let \\(\\text{Jac} (V)\\) be its jacobian variety. 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