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Let \\(V,W\\) be closed manifolds of negative curvature with isomorphic fundamental groups. The Cheeger homeomorphism theorem states that the spaces \\(\\text{St}_2(V)\\) and \\(\\text{St}_2(W)\\) are homeomorphic. Now the set of triples \\((x_1,x_2,x_3)\\), \\(x_1, x_2, x_3 \\in\\partial (X)\\) with \\(x_i\\neq x_j\\) for \\(i\\neq j\\) is denoted by \\(\\partial^3 (X)\\). It is proved that if \\(X\\) has strictly negative curvature, then \\(\\text{St}_2(X)\\) is canonically homeomorphic to \\(\\partial^3(X)\\). This leads to a new proof of the Cheeger homeomorphic theorem.   The results by \\textit{M. Shub} [Am. J. Math. 91, 175-199 (1969; Zbl 0201.56305)] and by \\textit{J. Franks} [Proc. Sympos. Pure Math. 14, 61-93 (1970; Zbl 0207.54304)] on endomorphisms are discussed and slightly generalized in Appendices. A covering lemma is given which immediately implies \\textit{A. Manning}'s estimate of the topological entropy of an \\(f:S\\to S\\) (for a compact manifold \\(S)\\) in terms of the spectral radius of \\(f_*:H_1(S; \\mathbb{R})\\to H_1(S;\\mathbb{R})\\) [Lect Notes in Math. 468, 185-190 (1975; Zbl 0307.54042)].   Smale's horseshoe is a space \\(X\\) with three subspaces \\(A,B,Z\\) and a map \\(f:X\\to X\\) with the properties: (a) \\(f\\) sends \\(A\\cup B\\) into \\(A\\) and \\(Z\\) into \\(B\\), (b) \\(Z\\) separates \\(A\\) from \\(B\\), i.e. there exists a function \\(a:X\\to\\mathbb{R}\\) which is positive on \\(A\\), negative on \\(B\\) and with \\(a^{-1}(0)\\subset Z\\). A Smale's estimate is proved: if \\(X,A\\) and \\(B\\) are closed balls, then \\(\\text{card (Fix}(f^m)) <{2^m-1\\over 2}\\). Examples are given which demonstrate connections between fundamental groups and closed geodesics. According to the Note of the Editors this paper was written and circulated as a SUNY preprint in 1976, and has been reproduced here without change, only some appendices with new references, written in May 2000, are 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