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They present fast algorithms for proving nonsingularity of \\(A\\) and for computing rigorous bounds for \\(\\|A^{-1}b-\\widetilde x\\|_\\infty\\) where \\(\\|\\cdot\\|_\\infty\\) denotes the usual maximum norm and \\(\\widetilde x\\) is an approximate solution of \\(Ax= b\\).   Section 1 introduces into the subject, Section 2 recalls the basic facts of a floating point system including underflow and directed rounding. Involving such roundings it provides computed bounds for the defect \\(A\\widetilde x-b\\). Section 3 is devoted to the verification of results. Together with their flops-rates it presents algorithms for computing bounds for \\(RA-I\\), \\(\\|A^{-1}\\|_\\infty\\), \\(\\|A^{-1}b-\\widetilde x\\|_\\infty\\), \\(\\|X_U X_LPA- I\\|_\\infty\\), \\(\\|X_UX_LP(A\\widetilde x-b)\\|_\\infty\\). Here, \\(R\\) is any preconditioning matrix, \\(P\\) is an appropriate permutation matrix such that \\(PA\\) has an \\(LU\\)-decomposition, \\(X_L\\), \\(X_U\\) are approximate inverses of the factors \\(L\\) and \\(U\\), respectively, for which \\(PA\\approx LU\\) holds.   Section 4 is based on the Gaussian elimination. Taking into account the possibility of underflow it contains matrix estimations for \\(|PA- LU|\\) and \\(|XT-I|\\) where \\(T\\) is a nonsingular triangular matrix and \\(X\\) is some approximate inverse of \\(T\\). A second bound for \\(\\|X_UX_LPA- I\\|_\\infty\\) is derived which can be computed in \\(O(n^2)\\) flops. Section 5 uses the preceding algorithms and estimates and provides three ways to verify the nonsingularity of \\(A\\) and to estimate \\(\\|A^{-1}b-\\widetilde x\\|_\\infty\\). The corresponding calculations are performed in Matlab for several examples.   The paper ends with conclusions and an appendix in which a rather technical floating point analysis for Section 4 is 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