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Parabolic bundles with respect to an effective divisor were defined by \\textit{V. B. Mehta} and \\textit{C. S. Seshadri} for Riemann surfaces [Math. Ann. 248, 205-239 (1980; Zbl 0454.14006)] and by \\textit{M. Maruyama} and \\textit{K. Yokogawa} for higher dimensional varieties [Math. Ann. 293, No. 1, 77-100 (1992; Zbl 0735.14008)]. A parabolic structure on a torsion free sheaf \\(E\\) is equivalent to the existence of certain decreasing filtration \\(\\{E_t\\}_{t\\in \\mathbb{R}}\\) of \\(E\\). For a parabolic bundle \\(E_\\ast\\), one can define a parabolic \\(n\\)-fold symmetric product \\(S^n(E_\\ast)\\); it is a parabolic sheaf so that one can consider the associated filtration and in particular the subsheaf \\(S^n(E_\\ast)_0\\). The author then defines a parabolic ample sheaf as a parabolic sheaf \\(E_\\ast\\) such that \\(S^n(E_\\ast)_0\\otimes V\\) is generated by its global sections for any vector bundle \\(V\\). When the divisor \\(D\\) is empty, an ample parabolic sheaf is nothing but a usual ample sheaf. Parabolic sheaves on compact Riemann surfaces are characterized: a parabolic vector bundle \\(E_\\ast\\) over a compact Riemann surface is ample parabolic if and only if the parabolic degree of \\(E_\\ast\\) and that of all its quotient bundles with the induced parabolic structure are all strictly positive numbers. In particular a parabolic semistable bundle over a compact Riemann surface is parabolic ample if and only if its parabolic degree is strictly positive. The paper gives also a vanishing theorem for the cohomology of the sheaves of vector bundle valued differential forms:    If the divisor \\(D\\) has normal crossings and \\(E_\\ast\\) satisfies certain conditions, then  \\[ H^q(X,\\Omega^p(\\log D)\\otimes E)=0\\text{ for }p+q\\geq r+d, \\]  \\(r\\) being the rank of \\(E\\) and \\(d\\) the dimension of \\(X\\).    This generalizes a celebrated theorem of \\textit{J. Le Potier} [Math. Ann. 218, 35-53 (1975; Zbl 0313.32037)]. The paper also gives parabolic analogues of vanishing theorems for tensor powers of ample bundles due to \\textit{J.-P. Demailly} [Invent. Math. 91, No. 1, 203-220 (1988; Zbl 0647.14005)] and \\textit{L. Manivel} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 422, 91-116 (1991; Zbl 0728.14011)]. The paper is very clearly written despite of the fact that certain proofs are rather 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