{"entities":{"Q1360278":{"pageid":1371017,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1360278","lastrevid":43058341,"modified":"2025-07-17T07:57:48Z","type":"item","id":"Q1360278","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Isometry groups of unimodular simply connected 3-dimensional Lie groups"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1036207"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$EEBCF050-C170-4554-AFC7-005DB1448C8B","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"3cced372456cc0ecfce90489771a2c5a9712a27b","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Isometry groups of unimodular simply connected 3-dimensional Lie groups","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$11D93393-48CA-401D-992A-E3A5061B78D6","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"dd97c23a9bdc02e95bc6183590238db55bffb761","datavalue":{"value":"0909.53036","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$190C55DA-C0C1-44A9-9DF8-1218DE403034","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"a0cc2a55964d970dca1591ff2fecbb7bc5dd227c","datavalue":{"value":"10.1023/A:1004957320982","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$FDD48D35-D265-4255-B2BA-CD14A23A405A","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"7b27d55f344dc6bfd48e3ff9582c04d67175a8a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":181320,"id":"Q181320"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$5B12A82C-CFAB-44B9-8B24-1D8E33F2CAB6","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"e60c029a007932dd7296fe5689bd47fadb1b64f1","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1999-04-08T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$8D37D600-F11A-4923-A6FC-766C1693E922","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"5ede3b3789a3a8d1e0f5748218c34f7c4ec54077","datavalue":{"value":"The author determines all left-invariant Riemannian metrics on a simply connected 3-dimensional unimodular Lie group \\(G\\) such that the corresponding isometry group \\(I(G)\\) is at least four-dimensional (in other words, its connected component \\(I_0(G)\\) is not reduced to the group \\(\\ell(G)\\) of left translations of \\(G)\\). The connected component \\(I_0(G)\\) is the product of \\(\\ell(G)\\) and the stabilizer \\(I_0(G)_e\\) at the identity of \\(G\\), which is isomorphic to \\(SO(2)\\) or \\(SO(3)\\) if it is nontrivial. Hence, the possible dimensions of \\(I(G)\\) are 3, 4, and 6.   \\(G\\) is one of the six groups \\(\\mathbb{R}^3\\), Nil (Heisenberg group), SU(2), the universal covering group \\(\\widetilde {\\text{PSL}} (2,\\mathbb{R})\\) of the special linear group, the connected component \\(E(1,1)\\) of the group of isometries of the Lorentzian plane, and the universal covering group \\(\\widetilde {E_0(2)}\\) of the connected component of the Euclidean group. These groups and their left-invariant metrics are important as models for the geometries of 3-manifolds in the sense of Thurston.   Except for the group \\(\\widetilde {E_0(2)}\\), the group \\(\\ell(G)\\) of left translation of \\(G\\) is known to be normal in \\(I_0(G)\\) for every left-invariant metric. The author shows that this is equivalent to \\(I_0(G)_e \\subseteq \\Aut(G)\\). This is important for the investigation in each of these cases.   In the exceptional case \\(G=\\widetilde {E_0(2)}\\), a different approach has to be used. Every element of \\(I_0(G)_e\\) preserves the directions of the principal Ricci curvatures; these have been determined by \\textit{J. Milnor} [Adv. Math. 21, 293-329 (1976; Zbl 0341.53030)].   A similar study for the group SU(3) has been made by \\textit{R. Coquereaux} and \\textit{G. Esposito-Far\u00e8se} [J. Math. Phys. 32, 826-831 (1991; Zbl 0735.22008)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$9EFC2F14-C14C-4B8B-9692-2492C698C8DF","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"1f2a65c5153f495013bdf45a1fb70365a02b8e5a","datavalue":{"value":"53C30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$C1970531-FB06-4FC2-A46A-01C46179D207","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3c70959db83bb3351da86f0b2d926a9c118da288","datavalue":{"value":"57M50","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$9586D33B-4AB4-4163-BDBF-11FE14A7D441","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"3cfeca80a518843c4ae9262ee80fc55d11edb2ba","datavalue":{"value":"22E99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$78A6AA76-4B98-41BA-BE05-EA210C0C6541","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"f0c919c1107582ab9bcb0bc78727b97cd16663aa","datavalue":{"value":"53C25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$28390CA3-BE65-49CE-98AD-762CFAA41BA1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"3adfe8c9f0e1c4c3f743f85d81e758f53aa5998d","datavalue":{"value":"1036207","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$9FA41645-FA86-4C1B-9A07-81E6798F18E0","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"22dcde6bbea85fd4d727f7fa528e4dfc15cf8e22","datavalue":{"value":"three-dimensional unimodular","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$AB447E78-343E-4D30-84EE-C470DD240E4E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"892df18ed5f8b160f50800fbc0a3eb62778a2683","datavalue":{"value":"Lie groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$111DF3EC-8E19-49A3-B8AE-26FF02F798C8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"da569a613f2a88568a3232418456ff7598026c73","datavalue":{"value":"left-invariant metrics","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$B9225D83-8827-4D04-8EA3-1E90ED7ABB2B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"67bb706d1d2ce4e6abdd6ce930bd8f2b21e25a2a","datavalue":{"value":"isometry groups","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$9F80298C-D600-4E34-813C-77D51B12C52E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"7d05855c39583479800c4586a598cad203a76182","datavalue":{"value":"three-dimensional geometries","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$31796E5C-BE30-4EF2-8685-34210630A29E","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"3ac6e9abf67f55148f06330b7d43366542659d93","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1860742,"id":"Q1860742"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$32C09B8A-D6A4-4639-A42E-848108835D50","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"ca5e0afbf17d48ac8b28b302700def9c1659a440","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":447749,"id":"Q447749"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$EEA0D11D-C6BF-4C8D-9447-38BAE096DB33","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$11F16757-50CF-468D-A773-3E7DAB0E2310","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"1f29aef28ac2f433e163ba1730cb7902cadee725","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004957320982","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$F7F538FC-F899-4B79-82DF-EEFF37A46A32","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"65be79fb105596e2112f10bb513fb52cd9e7c9e5","datavalue":{"value":"W189046498","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1360278$39E4248A-392B-4CBC-B08E-2F01319DF778","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"5afbca27500598773feeafc5fc337e99e586f360","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2428143,"id":"Q2428143"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"c4c3d1c562e94a7873d9ed7c164ca9777cf624b0","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8323864","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$301A224C-C7E1-495B-9E88-E04929B0DE8C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"535e63fedf1f1f61e6aed56291da07b6d99c4dfa","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5880930,"id":"Q5880930"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"8c3f9c825e157a80485f57fe9dd397ce408198b5","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8017529","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$A9F36E46-893B-4223-98BF-787BE1163C50","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2a951c778f8f84af26e7f5397845730d9dc05b32","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5880899,"id":"Q5880899"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"749a4622496fc2bbaa15b61b7b7f54b8de0e0f34","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7935527","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$3F8BC421-E506-4157-98F8-632CFA5DB639","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"bf324e1ecd7d4537c1c3d5ed7521383587fb0336","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1196139,"id":"Q1196139"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ae4e700f96280d2339ad228df5b3a7412eac25f4","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7926533","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$55A75373-6256-4FB5-BF41-3F719EA81D69","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3c3998729cd81dae62cdee4e7154b1760a1adfd5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1629380,"id":"Q1629380"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e8e8c0b9cef08d6a848abf940e27e76ca0471d8b","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.78330636","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$1C5E3436-D6CE-4033-B6C9-2C6384D2A803","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"242994848822f143b04f633c3dbf3a934e65b9a2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":517476,"id":"Q517476"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"acb43ad2586a7d558d6c4ef568279bb01074bf33","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7708271","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$BC8CD5B3-0DD3-4140-80B3-BE5278D87821","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c741b47ce5c16f81305850fa20c9972fa7cacd65","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1876281,"id":"Q1876281"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"08a715fded6b43acca2cfafec2399ad21342b488","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7590199","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$10FD6B86-FF97-4FAA-B7DD-7D01CECDD852","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"edd2e270fa254ed91b0ae58f381f24dd2cadfc98","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":879758,"id":"Q879758"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4e7217791002242b7dab888c3df8fc43af46aa77","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7527039","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$3D5B0D8B-8012-48E4-8D4A-D78C9F3ABC57","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c79b99d0e76d75667fc1b9b3c6b375708ee6ab9a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3465554,"id":"Q3465554"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dff952eb49d406c457d24a9721a916f06c7f1573","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7504451","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$128E4A51-1167-4481-97A8-5FCEF45BBE13","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"f0d1620a96aefcf16e7acf623f1e5a03c423608b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4709965,"id":"Q4709965"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"59f82de3890d8c9ff25e1c26d5961b14b7cf3239","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.74242646","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"ba354e87a58191d58d132c60481c945a3234ce85","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6534273,"id":"Q6534273"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1360278$63E41636-C15E-42F6-B712-D73ED873F61B","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1360278","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1360278"}}}}}