{"entities":{"Q1363093":{"pageid":1373832,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1363093","lastrevid":46508970,"modified":"2025-12-24T22:43:23Z","type":"item","id":"Q1363093","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Digit variance and Dedekind sums"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1048748"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$40089412-1CF7-4055-8644-3A4830A82431","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"531b9ec3ab9560a4d72870bb788f667616a6b4a1","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Digit variance and Dedekind sums","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$71399ED7-965B-4802-8BDE-ACC9657C26FC","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"d3fb8887a1857a180bc80265c6b9388942e170aa","datavalue":{"value":"0890.11015","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$81DFEF56-4A80-4965-BF33-C99A63FB4C69","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"88b625d4412dba0e3bdff3fbc42d14d2f9ec4733","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":193554,"id":"Q193554"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$ECE90C31-1703-4F0C-8CDF-730D048B7AFA","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e6cac328d206d9ef9b7afb3fb4ca5d1d204199af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":167107,"id":"Q167107"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$699ADF42-10FA-46F3-AAC6-9B3D9EEEDC3D","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"238dffa3abfa32d2f3f435b98c739e32735e84ac","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1997-08-17T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$B2480A60-33D9-4FDF-BFD1-4067A8F36BA0","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"845280c6f8d3e018a37b9aaa7cc5743db9d79cbd","datavalue":{"value":"Given positive integers \\(z,n,b\\) with \\(1\\leq z\\leq n-1\\), \\((z,n)=1\\), \\(n\\geq 2\\), \\(b\\geq 2\\), \\((b,n)=1\\), the expansion of the rational \\(z/n\\) in base \\(b\\) has the form \\(z/n= \\sum^\\infty_{j =1} c_jb^{-j}\\), where each coefficient \\(c_j\\) is one of the digits \\(0,1, \\dots, b-1\\), and \\(c_j \\neq b-1\\) for infinitely many \\(j\\). The sequence of digits \\((c_1, \\dots, c_t)\\) is a period with period length \\(t\\) equal to the order of \\(b\\bmod n\\), and there is no shorter one. The author views this period as a sort of random sequence that takes values in \\(\\{0,1, \\dots, b-1\\}\\). The mean value \\(m=t^{-1} \\sum^t_{j=1} c_j\\) is easily shown to be \\((b-1)/2\\), but the variance \\(\\sigma^2 =t^{-1} \\sum^t_{j=1} (c_j-m)^2\\) is not easy to determine. In the special case where \\(n\\) is an odd prime \\(p\\) and \\(b\\) is a primitive root mod \\(p\\) the author proves that  \\[ \\sigma^2 ={b^2-1 \\over 12}- {S (b,p) \\over p-1}, \\]  where \\(S(p,b)= (b-1)(b-2)/6- 2bs(p,b)\\) and \\(s(p,b)\\) is the classical Dedekind sum,  \\[ s(p,b)= \\sum^{b-1}_{k=1} {k\\over b} \\left({kp \\over b}- \\left[{kp \\over b} \\right]- {1\\over 2} \\right). \\]  The reciprocity law for Dedekind sums is used to establish this result and others concerning upper and lower bounds for \\(\\sigma^2\\).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$0AE0E92E-0C24-4884-9E1D-8BB6792C0B3E","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"76c61979e4c3d4177dcdda5982fb7e1952a991fc","datavalue":{"value":"11F20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$EBE7854D-CED7-44F8-95F3-BE18FC3240CE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"e840e979351f221ec22f6596521c1e78c9e12ea1","datavalue":{"value":"11A63","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$AD1387B9-A2E0-471A-9431-7476487C7B20","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"ae0eb1f8f155c2f0da58f4de837d264ec0a9117e","datavalue":{"value":"1048748","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$3A2E19C6-338F-4E1D-9F88-133C5FDE3134","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a9e637154d94fff1b2ee0ecc2aca4620333865e8","datavalue":{"value":"digital expansions of rationals","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$54ECFBDD-4462-4289-846D-E310A8F97E7E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d04ce3d9f3561d73173b1852bd83082b782ad6eb","datavalue":{"value":"variance","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$70612A99-D381-483C-A6C9-3152CEFD9FC6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"6c6f8fb33279251e3d9dc1852bf2d3ccb56bf725","datavalue":{"value":"Dedekind sums","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$B0E71582-9690-4889-830D-9B33C41DB058","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"baca3d1272fa9af94cce969308bb5a32fa66ed4e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175902,"id":"Q175902"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$8A701F5F-72E4-4B45-BF01-E935652B81A0","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$CF064BD6-5A58-4905-AE71-E22B7A9D4AB4","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"90a880507e290adb92efd22d940ab206784d8b5b","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jnth.1997.2149","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$F6700D88-A149-4A5D-9A46-1632D2B34CA2","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"03c334378740cffb8fe30c99f503731031e59639","datavalue":{"value":"W2074980297","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$C460AD7A-1F44-43A6-9D9B-F10DD5FACC5F","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4d926cd8b9cab97f6a05bcc36ebf542dfe1aa348","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4840738,"id":"Q4840738"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$581E238A-978D-4AC2-9897-B2E7711EA329","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"fd3dbcf189145d6ffbf0d14c1617cc1e227103a0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3246624,"id":"Q3246624"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$036590E7-6E04-4C7E-A410-E70C75FE0DC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2953e1d3eb1a813c3f218ede32483b9b9e9f4ec0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":767311,"id":"Q767311"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$91DCCD85-3851-4113-AFFE-A36A714F134B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f4f9a24fb09485a97eb138303c4a82f345abeeb0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5666618,"id":"Q5666618"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$952635E6-8E04-4C7D-8A73-BE3A6D1E6122","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"620456458ef1db02bdc0cdcacf14faf60f974aed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5663963,"id":"Q5663963"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$F1034BBD-0FF0-472F-99AD-C488ECC571B2","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"310b6b682aeb05a8828616088a2f3e442b8c5d3f","datavalue":{"value":"10.1006/JNTH.1997.2149","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1363093$ACBE5D48-7C5A-4413-A6AC-5DB1A95AED12","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"b83f03c1a0be26d76a053e97272f373f6f8e92bd","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3199476,"id":"Q3199476"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"23d1673a4b4950282cd0371d4dcfdc45202c317f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8008302450180054","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1363093$A2014428-25D3-4375-B6BE-281C20E32896","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ca7e97a2bffc3c71c067751d4374c15a52d56bb2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5661953,"id":"Q5661953"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"391a1ea68f4cbb7eac923b3039e552e72600389a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7993767857551575","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1363093$4CEF3D2A-CC48-4ADB-A927-516588C09127","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d9b140c549d41ad75b704052be89ba7cac0272e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3834119,"id":"Q3834119"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce2af0c41453ff790593b148c82661ca4f09c88e","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7499890923500061","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1363093$2D7CC088-04CA-4183-8308-17103E48E7FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"7033bde5e6e434cd1794f7a60d08213ef6141b89","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4953924,"id":"Q4953924"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"4cb235f3c50c6874fd4c86a78a3f3e9eb83b7019","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7482942342758179","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1363093$E191196C-0679-483D-A642-C4A101B78CA9","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1363093","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1363093"}}}}}