{"entities":{"Q1364151":{"pageid":1374890,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1364151","lastrevid":47424814,"modified":"2026-01-01T17:23:44Z","type":"item","id":"Q1364151","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Algebraic solutions for polynomial systems with emphasis in the quadratic case"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1051304"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$AB4B4B9F-AE0B-427F-B165-F6EFE5595E27","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"eb31c457beb5d5d9dd96c90d0350f9fb2444d3c9","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Algebraic solutions for polynomial systems with emphasis in the quadratic case","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$16566D37-A561-48FC-A857-98C318A85ABB","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"554eeb442a43959875caed7e0d3f359f745f4889","datavalue":{"value":"0895.34029","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$5E4D64C8-4473-40F3-B529-E7C9F0DC8205","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ae79339d22e19585a946f29acd83fe54c6cb8d0d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169821,"id":"Q169821"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$F05A3389-899A-4C5F-9F56-A14898C8B3F7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"72940088998544c4ab5129af0b647dd950fb0589","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":218428,"id":"Q218428"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$B2C358AB-A8CE-4024-8CE1-795CAD7D5CFA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"ee2bb71e9025d9fd9bdcb813b4a81164547468ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":169809,"id":"Q169809"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$40E9BD93-6784-4443-8F0A-2DACA35DB13A","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"f2112c1a79f70fd141fe2dee491fd316f1d52a81","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":189404,"id":"Q189404"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$F81A3635-FF06-449B-A00F-3B4745EDE82D","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"d449bd4d25c3d0098b5c9ccbe523577c99777de9","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1998-09-27T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$6C63B408-BD9C-4ABA-B06C-0831845DD815","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"82496356dbc94c1b2d16ac118ba33633d52cc524","datavalue":{"value":"A polynomial system is a differential system of the form  \\[ {dx\\over dt}= P(x,y), \\quad {dy\\over dt} =Q(x,y) \\tag{1} \\]  where \\(P\\) and \\(Q\\) are polynomials with real or complex coefficients, i.e., \\(P,Q\\in\\mathbb{R} [x,y]\\) or \\(P,Q\\in \\mathbb{C} [x,y]\\), respectively. The number \\(m= \\max \\{\\deg P,\\deg Q\\}\\) is called the degree of the system, and when \\(m=2\\), (1) is called a quadratic system. The following results on the link between polynomial systems and algebraic curves are obtained.   Theorem: Assume that a real (complex) polynomial system of degree \\(m\\) admits \\(q=[m(m+1)/2] +1-p\\) real (complex) algebraic solutions \\(f_i=0\\), \\(i=1, \\dots,q\\), not passing through \\(p\\) real (complex) independent singular points \\((x_k,y_k)\\), \\(k=1,\\dots,p\\), then the system has a first integral of the form \\(f_1^{\\lambda_1} \\dots f_q^{\\lambda_q}\\) with \\(\\lambda_i \\in\\mathbb{R} (\\mathbb{C})\\).   Theorem: Assume that a real polynomial system of degree \\(m\\) admits \\(p= [m(m+1)/2]-p\\) real algebraic solutions \\(f_i=0\\), \\(i=1, \\dots, q\\), not passing through \\(p\\) real independent weak singular points \\((x_k,y_k)\\), \\(k=1, \\dots,p\\), then the system has a first integral of the form \\(f_1^{\\lambda_1} \\dots f_q^{\\lambda_q} V^\\lambda\\) with \\(\\lambda_i\\)'s and \\(\\lambda\\) real, and \\(V\\) being a real analytic function.   In the case when (1) is a quadratic system, the following statements are established.   (i) Let \\(q\\in \\{1,2,3\\}\\). Assume that a real (complex) quadratic system has \\(q\\) real (complex) algebraic solutions \\(f_i=0\\), \\(i=1, \\dots,q\\), not passing through \\(4-q\\) singular points, then the system either has a first integral of the form \\(f_1^{\\lambda_1} \\dots f_q^{\\lambda_q}\\) with \\(\\lambda_i\\) real (complex), or it has an elementary first integral.   (ii) Let \\(q\\in \\{0,1,2\\}\\). If a quadratic system has \\(3-q\\) real singular points, not contained in any algebraic curve which has some simple closed component, then it has at most \\(q\\) real algebraic curves containing limit cycles.   (iii) Let \\(q\\in \\{1,2\\}\\). If a real quadratic system has \\(q\\) real algebraic solutions, \\(f_i=0\\), \\(i=1, \\dots,q\\), not passing through \\(3-q\\) weak singular points, then it has a first integral of the form \\(f_1^{\\lambda_1} \\dots f_q^{\\lambda_q} V^\\lambda\\) with \\(\\lambda_i\\)'s and \\(\\lambda\\) real, and \\(V\\) being a real analytic function.   (iv) If a quadratic system has algebraic limit cycles, then it has at most one weak singular point not contained in any algebraic solution.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$1F1E6941-8ADB-4991-B0A0-6ECE39A2AB90","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"da4a17a2ec9f7bbeb82810a73a3bc12e94601b52","datavalue":{"value":"34C05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$624117F1-B944-41FB-B950-5F890E7DF44D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"4cc0753a58f4cb30668f14bfa40d05a64495885a","datavalue":{"value":"34M99","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$4940E6A8-AB27-46A2-A960-FA5BF8D1241C","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"b955bcdfa6b4dfefd18cf6cb386b9306e7296ba2","datavalue":{"value":"1051304","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$9609BE52-0152-446C-9DAD-4334B0EFCA3E","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"f6aa6d9c5151b3bd5f0d576b5f2579716e158421","datavalue":{"value":"real (complex) algebraic solutions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$E7CB8CEF-E401-44B3-9530-A2347EB2301E","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d3c3f638812aae4bf6c2608050dfe8679a7e466c","datavalue":{"value":"real (complex) independent singular points","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$0FDCF7F3-A7E4-4512-85E1-FD40B721C079","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"06a26c11bb6a47b6d82655820fb8d5497cc77faf","datavalue":{"value":"first integral","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$3A6EA538-E5D6-47BD-8AD5-26B1AE75F8C8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"294d3e7285bb58e5a87ff10dd066749e4f5e344c","datavalue":{"value":"limit cycles","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$136647E9-365A-45C6-9725-E09C89699D92","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ec96351e032120de3ba52d9737073e3657385a56","datavalue":{"value":"weak singular points","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$0AA6252C-F2BA-4B27-BEC0-6B46416BC8A2","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1364151$E7DA13A0-0C7C-4E89-B156-624A831B6B89","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"288c47774f4e05665c63c4f15c4c03a4dc828c39","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1406140,"id":"Q1406140"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e8bd927e62c0090c8c4f5e9fad1a6e17facb2906","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8366798162460327","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1364151$D8BD7F9A-13BF-4B71-BE4D-EBA4A9AF9904","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"afb1c8f91a32eb2f1f0c8f3d96288999e378f836","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4394548,"id":"Q4394548"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"d4d7c8f4d60e7f07a75ea80777cf8aa2953f8204","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8359381556510925","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1364151$9F65C2F4-9455-4E31-AF99-B90715A90993","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d7f12f8de8790965aa9dfc93e9b858c117709ce4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":860740,"id":"Q860740"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"5e6e0371dfb03f8b6d3033db9cb5d08d5d909188","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8284072279930115","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1364151$F4F9A2A8-F92C-4576-A257-4EB669CA08EF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"366bc423a79dbc25ad6b2ffa172d1a52c8e35f64","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5394860,"id":"Q5394860"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"65efe0913eaa97ec5cf7c17c46938a89e343c20a","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8262666463851929","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1364151$EF240F46-16F4-410E-9A24-E0707EEA9B56","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"dae4fbe0cd5222db318fb69a0ee5502aea0565e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2782632,"id":"Q2782632"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce2031100b83aa044076b1a4140916a3c14f528d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8261953592300415","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1364151$F3555C22-15B8-48BF-9ACB-CBC849A1A43E","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Publication:1364151","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Publication:1364151"}}}}}