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P\u00e9raire} [Osaka J. Math. 29, 267-297 (1992; Zbl 0803.03046)]. \\(x\\) is \\(\\alpha\\)-standard if there exists a standard function \\(f\\) such that \\(\\alpha\\) is in the domain of \\(f\\) and \\(x= f(\\alpha)\\). Under this concept, we have the \\(\\alpha\\)-transfer principle: Let \\(\\alpha\\) be a nonstandard element of a standard set and \\(F(x)\\) be an \\(\\alpha\\)-standard formula. Then \\((\\exists x)F(x)\\Rightarrow (\\exists^\\alpha x)F(x)\\). \\(\\alpha\\)-standardization: Let \\(X\\) be a standard set, and an IST-formula \\(F(x)= Q^\\alpha_1,\\dots,Q^\\alpha_n\\) \\(\\Phi(x_1,\\dots, x_n,x)\\), where \\(\\Phi\\) is an \\(\\alpha\\)-standard formula, \\(Q^\\alpha_k\\) is \\((\\forall^\\alpha x_k\\in Z_k)\\) or \\((\\exists^\\alpha x_k\\in Z_k)\\), \\(Z_k\\) is a standard element. Then there exists a unique \\(Y\\) such that \\(Y\\subset X\\) and \\((\\forall^\\alpha x\\in X)\\) \\([x\\in Y\\Leftrightarrow F(x)]\\). The important Section 3 is concerned with an extension of idealization. Let \\(R\\) be a relation on a set \\(X\\). \\(C_\\alpha(R)\\) is defined as \\((\\forall^\\alpha Z\\subset X)\\) \\([Z\\text{ finite }\\Rightarrow(\\exists y\\in X)(\\forall x\\in Z) xRy]\\), and \\(D_\\alpha(R,y)\\) as \\((\\forall^\\alpha x\\in X) xRy\\). The idealization of IST is formulated as ``for any internal relation \\(R\\), \\(C_0(R)\\Rightarrow \\exists y D_0(R,y)\\)''. As is shown by an example, idealization is not true for nonstandard \\(\\alpha\\). Some conditions that \\(C_0(R)\\Rightarrow \\exists y^\\alpha D_0(R,y)\\) holds for special \\(\\alpha\\) are obtained. In the final Section 4, a problem which is related with ultrafilters and ultrapower is discussed. Consider a fixed \\(\\alpha\\) and all relations \\(R\\) being \\(\\alpha\\)-standard on \\(X\\). The problem is to find \\(\\beta\\) such that \\(C_0(R)\\Rightarrow \\exists y^\\beta D_0(R,y)\\) is true. Let \\(\\alpha\\) be a nonstandard element of an infinite standard set \\(I\\). We denote by \\(\\text{Ult}_I(\\alpha)\\) the standardization of the set \\(\\{J\\subset I\\mid\\alpha\\in J\\}\\). Some basic facts: \\(\\text{Ult}_I(\\alpha)\\) is non-trivial \\(\\Leftrightarrow\\alpha\\) is nonstandard. For a standard ultrafilter \\(U\\) on \\(I\\), there exists \\(\\alpha\\in I\\) such that \\(U= \\text{Ult}_I(\\alpha)\\). A condition for the above problem is given. For a standard set \\(X\\) and a standard ultrafilter \\(U\\) on infinite standard \\(I\\), an ultrapower \\(X^*= X^I/U\\) is defined. Some related systems are obtained, for example, double ultrapowers, and their relations are 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