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Another very useful tool for investigating the existence of K\u00e4hler structures on manifolds is the well-known result by \\textit{P. Deligne}, \\textit{P. Griffiths}, \\textit{J. Morgan} and \\textit{D. Sullivan} [Invent. Math. 29, 245-274 (1975; Zbl 0312.55011)] who proved that the minimal model of a K\u00e4hler manifold is formal. Using these results and the hard Lefschetz theorem, several authors have proved that the only nilmanifolds which carry K\u00e4hler structures are tori. Also, it was possible to obtain a lot of examples of non-K\u00e4hler symplectic manifolds. Although Nomizu's theorem was extended by Hattori to completely solvable solvmanifolds, it does not work for general solvmanifolds. Thus, the problem to compute the de Rham cohomology is frequently a very hard job.   In this paper, the authors introduce a fundamental tool which permits to compute the cohomology of certain classes of solvmanifolds. Indeed, they use a theorem of Felix and Thomas concerning the Koszul-Sullivan model of a fibration. Using this result, the authors prove the following conjecture for solvmanifolds of dimension four: Conjecture. The only solvmanifolds which carry K\u00e4hler structures are 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