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After detailing some definitions and notations in section 1, we give in section 2 an algorithm to decide whether an endomorphism of the affine plane over an integral domain is a tame automorphism. Then, by applying this algorithm to the Nagata automorphism, we recover easily its known results.   If \\(n\\) is a positive integer, let \\(GA_2\\) be the group of automorphisms of \\(\\mathbb{A}^2\\) and \\(E_{2,n}\\) be the vector space of \\(\\mathbb{C}\\)-endomorphisms \\(f\\) of \\(\\mathbb{A}^2_\\mathbb{C}\\) satisfying \\(\\deg(f)\\leq n\\). Let us set \\(GA_{2,n}=GA_2\\cap E_{2, n}\\). We set \\(J_{2, n}= \\{f\\in E_{2,n}\\), such that Jac\\((f)=1\\}\\) and \\(G_{2,n}= GA_{2,n}\\cap J_{2,n}\\). \\(GA_{2,n}\\) is an algebraic variety. We have \\(GA_{2,n}\\simeq \\mathbb{C}^* \\times G_{2, n}\\), via \\(f=(f_1,f_2) \\mapsto(\\text{Jac}(f),(f_1/ \\text{Jac} (f), f_2))\\), where Jac means the Jacobian variety, such that the irreducible components of \\(GA_{2,n}\\) are in one to one correspondence with the irreducible components of \\(G_{2,n}\\). Our interest in the irreducible components of \\(G_{2,n}\\) is motivated by the Jacobian conjecture in dimension 2 and degree \\(n\\) asserting that an element of \\(E_{2,n}\\) is invertible if and only if its Jacobian is a nonzero constant. This conjecture is equivalent to the equality \\(J_{2,n}= G_{2,n}\\).   \\textit{H. Bass, E. H. Connell} and \\textit{D. Wright} note [Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 7, 287-330 (1982; Zbl 0539.13012); remark 1.7] that to show this equality, it would suffice to show, if possible, that \\(\\dim J_{2,n}= \\dim G_{2,n}\\) and that the algebraic variety \\(J_{2,n}\\) is irreducible (because we have of course \\(J_{2,n} \\subset G_{2,n})\\). We answer here negatively to this hope. Indeed, on one hand \\(J_{2,n}=G_{2,n}\\) when \\(n\\leq 100\\), by \\textit{T. T. Moh} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 340, 140-212 (1983; Zbl 0525.13011)] and on the other hand we show that \\(G_{2,n}\\) is reducible when \\(n\\geq 4\\) (proposition 11). We see thus that the variety \\(J_{2,n}\\) is reducible when \\(4\\leq n\\leq 100\\). The results of section 3 lead us to believe that we can get some insight into the decomposition in irreducible components of \\(GA_{2,n}\\) via purely combinatorial methods.   Definition: \\(U_d=\\{f\\in GA_2\\) such that \\(d(f)\\leq d\\}\\), \\(V_d=\\{f\\in GA_2\\) such that \\(d(f)=d\\}\\), where \\(d(f)\\) means the multidegree.   We note that by the definition of \\(U_d\\) and \\(V_d\\), their Zariski closures in \\(GA_{2,\\deg(d)}\\) are equal. We set \\(W_d=\\overline U_d=\\overline V_d\\) (Zariski closure in \\(GA_{2, \\deg (d)})\\).   Conjecture. If \\(n\\) is a positive integer, then \\(GA_{2,n}=\\bigcup_{d\\in C_n}W_d\\) is the decomposition in irreducible components of \\(GA_{2,n}\\).   We will prove this conjecture for \\(n\\leq 9\\) by using the next lemma:   If \\(n\\) is an integer greater than or equal to two and if \\(d\\in C_n\\) with \\(d\\neq (n)\\), then we have \\(W_d\\not\\subset W_{(n)}\\) and \\(W_{(n)}\\not\\subset W_d\\).   The proofs are based on a precise decomposition theorem for automorphisms given in section 3 and a characterization of length one automorphisms given in section 5. Finally, in section 7, we give some details on the case 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