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Alonso, J. Gutierrez} and \\textit{T. Recio}, FRAC: A Maple package for computing in the rational function field \\(\\mathbb{K}(X)\\), in R. J. Lopez, ed., Maple V: Mathematics and its application (Birkh\u00e4user, Basel), 107-115 (1994; Zbl 0813.65048); A rational function decomposition algorithm by near-separated polynomials, J. Symb. Comput. 19, 527-544 (1995; Zbl 0840.68048); \\textit{R. Zippel}, Rational function decomposition, Proc. ISSAC'91 (ACM Press, New York), 1-6 (1991)] by factorizing bivariate polynomials.   Let \\(\\mathbb{K}\\) be an arbitrary field. A non-constant polynomial \\(f(x,y)\\) in \\(\\mathbb{K} [x,y]\\) is called near-separated if there exist non-zero polynomials \\(r(x), u(x)\\) in \\(\\mathbb{K}[x]\\) and \\(s(y), t(y)\\) in \\(\\mathbb{K}[y]\\) such that \\(r(x)\\) (respectively \\(s(y)\\)) is not a constant times \\(u(x)\\) (respectively \\(t(y)\\)) and \\(f(x,y)= r(x)s(y)- t(y) u(x)\\). The list \\([r(x), s(y), t(y), u(x)]\\) is called a representation of \\(f(x,y)\\). The main result extends to rational functions a theorem [\\textit{M. Fried} and \\textit{R. MacRae}, On curves with separated variables, Math. Ann. 180, 220-226 (1969; Zbl 0185.28803)] concerning separated factors of separated polynomials.   Theorem 1. Let \\(f(x)= f_n(x)/ f_d(x)\\), \\(g(x)= g_n(x)/ g_d(x)\\), \\(f_1(x)= f_{1n}(x)/ f_{1d}(x)\\) and \\(g_1(x)= g_{1n}(x)/ g_{1d}(x)\\) be non-constant rational functions in \\(\\mathbb{K}(x)\\), given in prime form. Then  \\[ f_{1n}(x) g_{1d}(y)- g_{1n}(y) f_{1d}(x)\\quad\\text{divides}\\quad f_n(x)g_d(y)- g_n(y)f_d(x) \\]  in \\(\\mathbb{K}[x,y]\\) if and only if there exists a rational function \\(h(x)= h_n(x)/ h_d(x)\\) in \\(\\mathbb{K}(x)\\), such that \\(f(x)= h(f_1(x))\\) and \\(g(x)= h(g_1(x))\\).    The proof of the theorem essentially proceeds in one direction by observing that \\((x-y)\\) divides \\(h_n(x)h_d(y)- h_d(x)h_n(y)\\) and in the other direction by using the field-theoretic approach of \\textit{M. Fried} and \\textit{R. MacRae} (loc. cit.). The analogous result for polynomials was the key to the first polynomial decomposition algorithm [\\textit{R. Barton} and \\textit{R. Zippel}, Polynomial decomposition algorithms, J. Symb. Comput. 1, 159-168 (1985; Zbl 0605.12012)], and a particular version was the key to a practical rational function decomposition algorithm [\\textit{C. Alonso, J. Gutierrez} and \\textit{T. Recio}, loc. cit.]. The particular case with \\(f=g\\), \\(f_1=g_1\\) clarifies Netto's proof of L\u00fcroth's theorem [cf. \\textit{A. Schinzel}, Selected topics on polynomials, Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1982; Zbl 0487.12002)] and has been used by \\textit{M. Fried} [Global construction of exceptional covers, Contemp. Math. 168, 69-100 (1994; Zbl 0849.12002)]. It is proved that any two representations of a near-separated polynomial are related by a rational linear function, and also a simple relation between the degrees of the polynomial and the elements of its representation.    A simple procedure is given to determine whether a polynomial \\(f(x,y)\\) is near-separated and if so to find its representation. Assume that univariate factors have been removed. Then if \\(f(0,0)=0\\) we take \\(r(x)= f(x,0)\\), \\(t(y)= -f(0,y)\\) and determine the remaining polynomials by solving a linear system. Otherwise, we take \\(r(x)= f(x,0)\\), \\(s(y)= f(0,y)/r(0)\\) and let \\(g(x,y)= f-rs\\). Then, for any constant \\(\\alpha\\) such that \\((x-\\alpha) \\nmid g(x,y)\\), the remaining polynomials are given by \\(t(y)= g(\\alpha,y)\\) and \\(u(x)= g(x,y)/ t(y)\\). Two corollaries give necessary and sufficient conditions for two rational functions to have a common component in their functional 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