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Let \\(V_i\\), \\(i=1,\\dots, m\\) be positively homogeneous with the degrees \\(\\beta_1<\\cdots< \\beta_m\\), \\(\\beta_1> 2\\), \\(\\beta_{m-1}< 6\\), \\(\\beta_m\\geq 8\\) and \\(V_i(x)> 0\\), \\(i= 1,\\dots,m\\), \\(x\\neq 0\\), \\(V_m\\) satisfying: \\(V'_m(x)\\) is positive definite for \\(x\\neq 0\\). If \\(b\\) satisfies \\((\\text{b}_1)\\) \\(\\int^T_0 b(t)<0\\); \\((\\text{b}_2)\\) \\(b^+(t)\\in H^1([0, T])\\), \\((b^+)\\in L^{3/2}([0,T])\\); \\((\\text{b}_3)\\) \\(Z^+\\neq \\emptyset\\) is finite, where \\(Z^+= \\{t\\in[0, T]: b(t)= 0\\) and \\(\\exists\\varepsilon= \\varepsilon(t)>0\\) so that \\(b(s_1)b(s_2)> 0\\) for \\(s_1\\in (t-\\varepsilon, t)\\), \\(s_2\\in(t,t+ \\varepsilon)\\}\\); then there exists at least one nonzero \\(T\\)-periodic solution of the given system. A similar result is proved for  \\[ \\ddot x(t)- A(t)x(t)+ b(t)V'(x(t))= 0, \\]  where \\(A= (A_{ij})\\), \\(A_{ij}\\in C(\\mathbb{R})\\), \\(A_{ij}(t+ T)= A_{ij}(t)\\), \\(\\forall t\\in\\mathbb{R}\\), \\(i,j= 1,\\dots, N\\) is a positive definite symmetric matrix for any \\(t\\in\\mathbb{R}\\), in \\((\\text{b}_1)<\\) being replaced by \\(\\neq\\). The proofs are based on a finite-dimensional approximation, a truncation argument of \\(V\\) and the use of Morse index estimates for critical points of mountain pass 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