{"entities":{"Q1375160":{"pageid":1385900,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1375160","lastrevid":67274223,"modified":"2026-04-12T16:31:53Z","type":"item","id":"Q1375160","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Generalized Lefschetz theorem and a fixed point index formula"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1103052"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$5F3852BD-9509-4B64-8FD5-577A79376D71","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"71f053dbd1468f27bd07589e32423b3003f4787c","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Generalized Lefschetz theorem and a fixed point index formula","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$7547C833-9E22-4AAF-911D-CBC193B6EB85","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"178210aecf33d2d1c847488501b8099021683fe3","datavalue":{"value":"0893.55001","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$918F5ECC-EAA5-4F7D-8BCE-68454B5075D4","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"08646eb9d2caece4940b30ac50bfce35ca75717a","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0166-8641(97)00037-0","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$BA785D2B-5B05-48B2-A7EC-C9D77F19C22D","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"40a54c1e45815a7a7417f846645e1bebf5e572f0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":395448,"id":"Q395448"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$E93D3C53-7615-4FFF-B934-DAE02FC7C14B","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"caed9871dffabe010c529575fe8b7c33d0847d94","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":161372,"id":"Q161372"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$1534178B-8586-4140-B6B9-56A7CA109C34","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"4e70a69753d688c24b45ae9eca4d83c05a4096a6","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1998-07-24T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$DD67A3A1-4D6B-45E6-B278-D392CB0D65A4","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"516b6ba7f351f6ef2e315a46008803bb5379ca50","datavalue":{"value":"The Lefschetz fixed point theorem says that if the Lefschetz index \\(\\Lambda(f)\\) of a continuous mapping \\(f:X\\to X\\) from a finite polyhedron \\(X\\) into itself is non-zero, then \\(f\\) has a fixed point. Here, \\(\\Lambda(f)\\) is defined as a sum \\(\\Lambda(f)=\\sum_n (-1)^n\\cdot \\text{ tr}(h_n(f))\\), where \\(h_n(f)\\) is a homomorphism of a \\(Z\\)-module \\(B_n(X)=H_n(X)/T_n(X)\\) induced by \\(f\\), where \\(H_n(X)\\) is the \\(n\\)-dimensional cohomology group, and \\(T_n(X)\\) is the torsion subgroup of \\(H_n(X)\\). This result can be naturally generalized to sets \\(X\\) which are compact ANR (absolute neighborhood retracts).    In general, the Lefschetz theorem proves the existence of fixed points, but does not specify where these fixed points are. In some cases, the Lefschetz theorem can also be applied to proving the existence of a fixed point in a given subset \\(C\\subset X\\): namely, if \\(C\\) is invariant under \\(f\\) (i.e., if \\(f(C)\\subseteq C\\)), then we can apply the Lefschetz theorem to the restriction of \\(f\\) to \\(C\\); if the resulting index is non-zero, this means that \\(f\\) has a fixed point in \\(C\\). The paper under review shows that a generalization of the Lefschetz theorem can help in proving the existence of a fixed point in \\(C\\) even when \\(C\\) is not invariant under \\(f\\). For that, the author introduces the notion of a proper pair \\((C,E)\\) of compact sets defined by two conditions: \\(C\\cap f(E)\\subseteq E\\) and \\(C\\cap \\overline {f(C)\\backslash C}\\subseteq E\\) (such pairs exist for every \\(C\\)). For such pairs, if the appropriately defined cohomology mapping \\(f_{(C,E)}\\) has a non-zero Lefschetz index, then \\(f\\) has a fixed point in \\(C\\). A similar result is proven for the case when we have a sequence of proper pairs. These results are used to compute the fixed point index of a Poincar\u00e9 map of a nonautonomous ordinary differential equation, and to make conclusions about the periodic solutions of such equations.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$4AA2D1F8-5C4A-45F2-A2D1-5228B108501B","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"8061410f8ec0c5df6639db10299e3613ee76eb9d","datavalue":{"value":"55M20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$E30B7508-4C00-47DA-9F6A-707C63F08D5B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"be4cd99f0aaa2688661b2002577944d759906919","datavalue":{"value":"54H25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$39C7E7BA-616B-491B-B9DF-0D7C1C968E19","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"690b02fdca76e58e898874b6bd8da38cf1c5d814","datavalue":{"value":"34C25","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$BE4D7576-75BC-40DF-9C69-6688D63A2524","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"8d493df8b105e30d4b5411558ab8026eb33debb9","datavalue":{"value":"1103052","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$4A8DEEDC-7CB1-41A4-B7EF-1CD759DDF466","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"ac82067bb8840a2b5043c396bce481c4370c2867","datavalue":{"value":"Lefschetz fixed point theorem","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$A8056409-7024-4071-81F0-D3226888A37C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"73014048dc1634bba63fd6cc16c497acaee0cae0","datavalue":{"value":"fixed point index","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$ADFA3B96-5452-405C-97ED-B571B92213B9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"3a9ca9d007093c416a4021e228e04c2a9ac3dd66","datavalue":{"value":"nonautonomous differential equation","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$97E2E82F-64B7-4863-A118-260D7BFEDC64","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"d247dbdb0014f635bf438f8cdc902c116a8b6734","datavalue":{"value":"periodic solution","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$DB454CAC-B457-4082-B15F-4EE89755032D","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"270007b6dbc25685c2d1f993f50bd860394cfcd0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":705281,"id":"Q705281"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$AF2B292F-A3E8-4B60-8678-E8A1B91C89CD","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$4B857133-F662-4A51-8377-C2A6850389D3","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4e9a00be7b910eb80fa702f86ecb14226de9d064","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5799222,"id":"Q5799222"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$EDD07485-5255-44FF-8D0B-BEDD6903D271","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6ae9adf23ce8bb933e66570d66e932363301649e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5532996,"id":"Q5532996"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$3863D9E0-644F-4A27-A849-9A4A2D8178E5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c1236c7ebe4158f191a43fb080cfc0e931880fc9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5564109,"id":"Q5564109"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$EFBF7677-E1FE-4644-A739-BFE2029DF327","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7980104aec307cbc24abd7adefd0b99df83859df","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5619504,"id":"Q5619504"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$788733CB-4D39-47B7-B99D-CED44F4F8EBB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"99f727154fd5f043143cdc7b6183515a6911b21a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3991811,"id":"Q3991811"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$A002A605-0700-4E6A-BB8E-76F90235BCC2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"96d2613526bc3591b640b7c7d8b06de43bd86109","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5643279,"id":"Q5643279"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$0283E5FB-8AA7-441F-A626-10AAC0C47565","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f69b42a8a60c99417cabbfede6572df81b1f5849","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3941926,"id":"Q3941926"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$F46F2190-B6C1-4DB7-B442-123EBD0361DD","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"215ce49f8b5ce44588600a3168fb7b1c3755d33d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5906676,"id":"Q5906676"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$4A78E954-6200-4ED5-B928-43D4D9F72455","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cf35ccd667a7d3e8b871f028c7c3deceb6738d45","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4064716,"id":"Q4064716"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$05CF6F11-6B63-4D9E-963F-FF3F41D2A64F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"156640ee6d426ec5242fcd102af0662afb82d6a6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3940479,"id":"Q3940479"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$85F7C74B-3FA0-4E56-AD8A-EC8D64D61D20","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"90f75f408b292774d86a85e9bd783ff23becc648","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1210500,"id":"Q1210500"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$14E304FB-1F4A-4DB0-9454-5BE9057D1A67","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"c51c791da8cb38bd6509341175533f1fe25cc31a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3790319,"id":"Q3790319"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$BED04BC0-9DAF-4071-A4B3-8732D26F64E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d16bf86c76ee3605a97057e2ef1802ecf1ceab2d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5646125,"id":"Q5646125"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$70F93898-B5C7-42B3-98FE-EBABA8D1D0E6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b0e17203747131f98c1ad2e57a10d2d4e58601e9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3497410,"id":"Q3497410"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$85FF9D29-8B8B-48EB-90EF-8B5A3382B7D3","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"21ad0f5e6b6ebfb8e220159511aab7215c832a18","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1900174,"id":"Q1900174"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$41E50CD0-BA03-47B9-B08B-2F023375B59A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"01b2a85813708b08e207786d86bf95b3e2c819ed","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3828715,"id":"Q3828715"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$34A1B37B-3670-4437-8661-00D1CB323CC5","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ccf8603f10734b9d131ab0e9c9634420d968530a","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3490666,"id":"Q3490666"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$057ABA17-9646-4541-924A-254165FDCDD7","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0322d7878da051b54b303a2b32344eb9ee365171","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4204850,"id":"Q4204850"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$F716DA3F-90BE-41B4-A5E5-7623030ACF18","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b3fcf469b29b55f9aabdc05d0926752c3f3e4980","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3472896,"id":"Q3472896"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$0D9C6C0D-279A-407E-A53C-BBA1CCF25916","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"cbd95cd984d2f1146a68c23ba4448d3e17a185e1","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5920949,"id":"Q5920949"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$172D8CBC-F22B-40B5-8CB3-1BD293E1CEB6","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5bfc9954f3408d57caa053d60607902fa39248fe","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4731874,"id":"Q4731874"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$E5E80793-E713-47E1-B7A0-975981FC7D35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"b577a5ad520b7e73cb32be324a751e863dbbfbdf","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5522742,"id":"Q5522742"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$4A0F9187-9BB6-45A6-AC33-E7991BAD0373","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f0035d8f01983df135887a4cde9012c6e06b6551","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3717830,"id":"Q3717830"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$3D964C12-BF51-4663-BF98-DD1DB088A421","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"9df23c4b23bfe3231ee8a21bef45018f530c42f5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4291847,"id":"Q4291847"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1375160$EC7692A1-658A-4EA3-A27D-4A90F8E6EE1E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"ff9caa1c3971c8799ff80b57c7fa74b5497d3c59","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4942844,"id":"Q4942844"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"af931c98029a4a4f2212bc52a213c5b3d5cc3172","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7764056324958801","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1375160$B0570EB1-B033-4A36-B10E-0D8A0871A67F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"2a4dacabcb058848e573b3fd69cfdaf5acf800e7","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4792086,"id":"Q4792086"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6f569852c326cc54107411fb52d23810d10c551c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7672260999679565","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1375160$84B1FDC8-03FF-4EBC-9817-9B85D960B288","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d6b07fb01726f99cbf2e7c7b65424a964f39627b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5694099,"id":"Q5694099"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e9f956b0a675c225b0cf896a87fe2a6a11bde2e8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7545284032821655","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1375160$0A3F0142-00A6-4571-87D7-B9EB149873D0","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"1190ab042b6cf425efba6ed67f790b897615d6c3","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":499954,"id":"Q499954"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"f482b21d955e6b18ad8bd0cbb9baa22f7926965f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7521116137504578","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1375160$3EC783FF-346D-4ACA-A2DC-0900CC1A31EE","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Generalized Lefschetz theorem and a fixed point index formula","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/Generalized_Lefschetz_theorem_and_a_fixed_point_index_formula"}}}}}