{"entities":{"Q1376008":{"pageid":1386748,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1376008","lastrevid":70280280,"modified":"2026-04-13T13:42:20Z","type":"item","id":"Q1376008","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"A formal deductive system for fuzzy propositional calculus"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1106739"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$32044384-12A2-49BE-BB99-4CBC2C3904B9","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"513b652b3543a93d06b5836c6daa851a4f3bac48","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"A formal deductive system for fuzzy propositional calculus","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$770915E6-2AF1-4A61-9964-E3C711A03B06","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"322432be916c9f149cb679a3fa18d3c6c4beacfd","datavalue":{"value":"0889.03017","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$D4F649A0-2437-4A3A-9128-9711464228DF","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"f89e2f29433f3bd7b8fd3d738055cfc8149493e0","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02882922","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$3FE8DB4C-ADEE-4604-967A-EF45685D43FC","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"45e1edb64efeee080173451c87c3f0c1d8534742","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":174829,"id":"Q174829"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$0487EDA4-B836-45A2-BA5D-FB38C32BA982","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"7973a90269141d62c572638d0658f506dd7b9df5","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1998-05-29T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$BD8254E5-A74C-4A3E-8DBD-5F135831FDD7","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"1fc89b54fca2115f04fdd3cb63ffd43823e4b6f2","datavalue":{"value":"The author considers the simplest version of propositional fuzzy logic, in which to every propositional variable \\(p\\), we can assign a value \\(v(p)\\) from the interval [0,1], and then compute the value \\(v(F)\\) of each propositional formula \\(F\\) by applying the expressions \\(v(A\\& B)=\\min(v(A),v(B))\\), \\(v(A\\vee B)=\\max(v(A),v(B))\\), \\(v(\\neg A)=1-v(A)\\), and \\(v(A\\to B)=f_\\to (v(A),v(B))\\) for some function \\(f_\\to(a,b):[0,1]\\times [0,1]\\to [0,1]\\) (called \\textit{implication function}). We can say that a propositional formula \\(F\\) is a \\textit{tautology} if \\(v(F)=1\\) for all assignments \\(v(p)\\). Alternatively, we can fix a real number \\(\\alpha\\in [0,1]\\), and define an \\textit{\\(\\alpha\\)-tautology} as a formula \\(F\\) for which \\(v(F)\\geq\\alpha\\) for all assignments \\(v(p)\\), and an \\textit{\\(\\alpha^+\\)-tautology} if \\(v(F)>\\alpha\\). In the paper under review, a formal (crisp) deductive system is given which describes tautologies for the implication functions \\(f_\\to(a,b)=\\max(b,1-a)\\) and \\(f_\\to(a,b)=\\min(1-a+b,1)\\). The author also describes when a formula \\(F\\) \\textit{implies} formula \\(G\\) (e.g., in the sense of \\(v(F)\\leq v(G)\\), or in the sense of deriving \\(F\\to G\\)). For a fragment which does not include implication \\(\\to\\), similar problems were analyzed by \\textit{H. T. Nguyen, O. M. Kosheleva} and \\textit{V. Kreinovich} [Int. J. Intell. Syst. 11, 295-326 (1996; Zbl 0854.68101)] and by \\textit{H. T. Nguyen} and \\textit{V. Kreinovich} [``Using Gelfond-Przymusinska's epistemic specifications to justify (some) heuristic methods used in expert systems and intelligent control'', Soft Computing 1, No. 4, 198-209 (1997)].","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$57DD73FA-2096-4D33-8702-FDEB2560ABC1","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0ad6448c9e3f2394361827e5c2d117e48dc71794","datavalue":{"value":"03B52","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$366D7704-1408-4CDB-BE95-50210EF1BA35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"62ae2f4e9717dc72a20d2c4f17bdde30d85a417c","datavalue":{"value":"68T27","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$25D46CB3-3F42-420D-95B0-5B351DF6E02D","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"18a466c9e30ce387f829cb94dd8b21d4d48bfaa0","datavalue":{"value":"1106739","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$78A3A8C7-095F-44BB-BC78-E0C4601FE2B6","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"fd7f7273b8e7f89d50335f2519dbd31cec7b734e","datavalue":{"value":"fuzzy logic","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$BC343E90-719F-4E22-9F1F-F35FB3C3AAFB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"492b17484efc30183c42c844ccc158e004522856","datavalue":{"value":"formal deductive system","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$AFBB9DB1-A717-4232-8873-1C4115D853E8","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"63b4b863205e8b4e91b1461d516ae7dd82d14eaa","datavalue":{"value":"implication functions","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$320541AD-E993-40EB-82F9-16BFB3D9942C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"be0124a27f3100a2fb0fec1e652cf4490d1b906b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163213,"id":"Q163213"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$1EDAD8BA-5C56-4D8B-8EE0-2C12F808FF45","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"7a7a7a3dd3a08360856ececf3d8a629dcc430503","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":592003,"id":"Q592003"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$0D30D76A-63A4-4F75-B906-366109AFE791","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$8366E4B8-BE00-402A-81E2-E8EC83C065A7","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"0607f3a8171d4f3fa1167d125afae40c665167c4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2740911,"id":"Q2740911"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$8C91BE61-688E-4004-BA55-67749EFD1F97","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d6ae1a4deadd4495499434e38e064a17bf53fa28","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2771615,"id":"Q2771615"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$87FF5DE4-5115-45F2-9EB8-F42A7CD74010","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a0c9f86ba65da51ed9f1bcbb9fb6f3f958efc697","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4928617,"id":"Q4928617"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$5084D66A-5400-4FAD-9285-7C2B170EF5C5","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"405e37ab92e3ed809eeaf62ad4f806253701d4ed","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02882922","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$A575E50D-8ADC-4373-83FB-A8F32EDFA799","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"b7afe38aefb86a1a37fbb8b450ccc38877ce7064","datavalue":{"value":"W1999500055","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1376008$D21E6B0D-16C3-48A9-B75F-54DC8D6D2E27","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"d91cbddd96c541861adaf78fb8ba4d7d18f50ae4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3481674,"id":"Q3481674"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"dc34437da4fc017106fe39e0e2c8047f2dc4fc7d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.803878128528595","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1376008$3CDCDC1C-EC52-4032-8F80-90F8957C04B2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a63d08a0e0aee0d774f2fe9db772f839cce683a8","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":2748253,"id":"Q2748253"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"76b3a0d1ef3769f46482529fcb4c55d819b3f291","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.773020327091217","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1376008$D21E0696-4B03-4B3E-A732-73A3B5E22844","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"372eca999c4889f2ed26d08c9ab5860901485266","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4244877,"id":"Q4244877"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"35bcfbd4b1d88f081139aae5cbd842f85b75687c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7619607448577881","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1376008$C60E3EF6-D7AD-4348-81A4-72ED2519B6BE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"3454e449c7de71cc95a38fd5a236079c6003752b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4308452,"id":"Q4308452"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"e3c0bf9c73f36ac05d6110e167a3a6767cdbef63","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7586044669151306","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1376008$447E2716-2B29-44CD-B0B5-EDED51991963","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"A formal deductive system for fuzzy propositional calculus","badges":[],"url":"https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/wiki/A_formal_deductive_system_for_fuzzy_propositional_calculus"}}}}}