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Nagase}, J. Math. Soc. Jap. 47, 93-119 (1995; Zbl 0863.57019)], the author introduced and studied the so-called \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-structures: the group \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\) is, by definition, \\(\\text{Spin}(n)\\times_{{\\mathbb Z}_2} \\text{Sp}(1)\\) and \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-structures for \\(\\text{SO}(n)\\)-bundles are defined similarly to \\(\\text{Spin}(n)\\)- or \\(\\text{Spin}^c(n)\\)-structures. If \\(P\\to M\\) is the principal \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-bundle of such a structure, the \\({\\mathbb C}P^1\\)-bundle \\(Z=P\\times (\\text{Spin}^q(n)/\\text{Spin}^c(n))\\) is called the (\\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-style) twistor space associated to the given \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-structure. Any almost-quaternionic manifold \\(M\\) has a canonical \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-structure [op.cit.] whose twistor space coincides with the twistor space studied by \\textit{S. Salamon} [Invent. Math. 67, 143-171 (1982; Zbl 0486.53048)] provided \\(\\dim M=8m+4\\) and, in contrast to the Salamon twistor space, is trivial if \\(\\dim M=8m\\) (since the canonical \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-structure is trivial in this case).    In Section 1 of the present paper, the author shows that the twistor space \\(Z\\) associated to any \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-structure admits a natural \\(\\text{Spin}^c(n+2)\\)-structure. Suppose the structure \\(\\text{SO}(n)\\)-bundle of an oriented Riemannian manifold \\((M,g)\\) of dimension \\(n\\) admits a \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-structure. Any given connection of the principal \\(SO(3)\\)-bundle of this structure, together with the Levi-Civita connection of \\(M\\), induces a connection on the \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\)-bundle \\(P\\) of the structure and so on the associated bundle \\(\\pi:Z\\to M\\). The latter connection, as is usual in twistor theory, gives rise to a Riemannian metric \\(g^Z= \\pi^{*}g+ g^v\\) on \\(Z\\) where \\(g^v\\) is the Fubini-Study metric on the fibre \\({\\mathbb C}P^1\\) of \\(Z\\).    In Section 2, the author considers the Levi-Civita connection of the metric \\(g^Z\\) and its relation with the connection \\(\\pi^{*}\\nabla^M+\\nabla^v, \\nabla\\) denoting the Levi-Civita connection. In Section 3 he discusses the representation theory for \\(\\text{Spin}^q(n)\\), defines spinor bundles \\({\\mathbb S}^q\\) over \\(M\\) and \\(S^c\\) over \\(Z\\), and gives Lichnerowicz type formulas for the Dirac operators \\(D^q\\) on \\(S^q\\) and \\(D^c\\) on \\(S^c\\). If \\(M\\) is even-dimensional, then the spinor bundles have a natural splitting according to which the Dirac operators \\(D^q\\) and \\(D^c\\) are graded into \\(D^{q\\pm}\\), \\(D^{c\\pm}\\) and the author calculates the indices of \\(D^{q+}\\) and \\(D^{c+}\\) (for \\(M\\) compact) in Section 4.    In the last section of the paper, the author constructs a \\(\\text{Spin}(2n+1)\\times_{{\\mathbb Z}_2} \\text{Sp}(1) \\times_{{\\mathbb Z}_2} U(1)\\)-vector bundle \\(S^{qc}\\) on the twistor space \\(Z\\) over a compact manifold \\(M\\) of odd dimension \\(2n+1\\) and a Dirac operator \\(D_{\\varepsilon}^{qc}\\) for \\(S^{qc}\\) associated to the metric \\(g_{\\varepsilon}^Z=\\varepsilon^{-1}\\pi^{*}g+g^v\\). He shows that the limit of the reduced \\(\\eta\\)-invariant \\(\\widetilde\\eta(D_{\\varepsilon}^{qc})\\) exists in \\({\\mathbb R}/{\\mathbb Z}\\) as \\(\\varepsilon\\to 0\\). Following an idea originally due to \\textit{E. Witten} [Commun. Math. Phys. 100, 197-229 (1985; Zbl 0581.58038)], he also considers the difference \\(\\lim_{\\varepsilon\\to 0} \\widetilde\\eta(D_{\\varepsilon}^{qc})- \\widetilde\\eta(D^q)\\). In the main result of the paper, the author gives an integral formula \\(\\text{mod } {\\mathbb Z}\\) for this difference involving the twisted 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