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Beaucoup de probl\u00e8mes les concernant sont encore ouverts. Par exemple, pour trouver le nombre de tableaux de forme et d'\u00e9valuation donn\u00e9es, ou plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, pour calculer les polyn\u00f4mes de Kostka, on n'a pas de m\u00e9thode efficace comme des formules de r\u00e9currence: on en est r\u00e9duit \u00e0 \u00e9num\u00e9rer tous les tableaux d'un type donn\u00e9. On est alors confront\u00e9 au probl\u00e8me de trouver une m\u00e9thode pour engendrer tous les tableaux. Si l'on travaille sur le mono\u00efde plaxique, qui est un objet \u00e9quivalent \u00e0 l'alg\u00e8bre des tableaux, il est difficile d'\u00e9num\u00e9rer tous les mots non congrus par rapport \u00e0 la relation plaxique. Force est donc de rester attentif \u00e0 toute nouvelle approche qui rendrait cette alg\u00e8bre de tableaux plus accessible.   Par une d\u00e9marche totalement diff\u00e9rente des m\u00e9thodes utilis\u00e9es jusqu'ici, S. V. Kerov, A.-N. Kirillov et N. Yu. Reshetikhin ont introduit des nouveaux objets (\\textit{rigged configurations} en anglais) qui sont en bijection avec les tableaux de Young. Les sources physiques qui ont conduit les trois auteurs pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents \u00e0 introduire ces objets restent bien myst\u00e9rieuses. Par contre, on peut donner une version tr\u00e8s combinatoire de ceux-ci et rendre plus compr\u00e9hensible l'approche de ces auteurs en utilisant des mod\u00e8les g\u00e9om\u00e9triques, essentiellement des chemins polygonaux. Le r\u00e9sultat fondamental de KKR se traduit de la fa\u00e7on suivante dans le mod\u00e8le combinatoire que nous allons d\u00e9crire ici: Les tableaux de Young sont en bijection avec les matrices dont tous les coefficients sont des chemins.   L'int\u00e9r\u00eat du mod\u00e8le KKR est qu'il permet de traiter plusieurs probl\u00e8mes. D'abord, on peut \u00e9num\u00e9rer les tableaux de Young par bloc, ce qui permet de calculer les polyn\u00f4mes de Kostka tr\u00e8s rapidement. D'autre part, certaines op\u00e9rations fondamentales sur les tableaux ou sur le mono\u00efde plaxique, comme la standardisation par Lascoux et Sch\u00fctzenberger, qui semblent peu naturelles (sauf pour leurs inventeurs!) deviennent tr\u00e8s explicites avec ces nouveaux objets. A l'aide de ceux-ci, il semble que de nouvelles propri\u00e9t\u00e9s sur les tableaux de Young pourront \u00eatre \u00e9tudi\u00e9es.   L'objet de ce m\u00e9moire est d'expliciter le r\u00e9sultat fondamental de KKR (section 2), de d\u00e9crire ensuite deux algorithmes sur les matrices de chemins, enfin de red\u00e9montrer le th\u00e9or\u00e8me fondamental de KKR, dans le cas \\(q=1\\), en \u00e9tablissant une bijection entre les matrices de chemins et les tableaux de Young (section 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