{"entities":{"Q1385413":{"pageid":1396153,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1385413","lastrevid":77900903,"modified":"2026-05-06T10:19:27Z","type":"item","id":"Q1385413","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"On the cost of controlling unstable systems: The case of boundary controls"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1146568"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$BA86D8E6-98D0-4945-8614-4883DFFCA6CD","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"58ec133096414feef4611552a303168c869bcd8e","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"On the cost of controlling unstable systems: The case of boundary controls","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$5EE6C3CC-1426-4C21-814D-D920378F08C4","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"98071178eac4044a2d8f7cd556cad9849bed0e94","datavalue":{"value":"0892.93036","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$536007B6-6865-4032-AE69-0440586082F9","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"faf26643798239544806109c453e511d7b9a17c2","datavalue":{"value":"10.1007/BF02788145","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$810E1E6B-9BF6-43C5-8F36-D5F7CDF9A65C","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"d2a384e5c6c88fb3d58054df0abc84067edd92af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":332665,"id":"Q332665"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$67403EDF-4BC3-48C0-B4BD-FC7DA1141C35","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"9df5a0b1b56fa44ea9544d59dcf43ca508a5465d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6480533,"id":"Q6480533"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$6107FA5B-1DE6-4B74-80D3-81E274113E2E","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"e7cb94b734d7b2835c194481178a8cd8e8a59783","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":163291,"id":"Q163291"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$CAC82783-4484-4B51-AA01-6C3F6633CDD1","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"11f7738b90032b640ef86af9767c7f4f407bb95e","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+1998-07-06T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$808CD319-F009-4D01-A629-3D78E0660C2E","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"75f4c19806463562f391e5328902a0652302502b","datavalue":{"value":"The control system is  \\[  {\\partial y \\over \\partial t} = - \\Delta^2 y - k\\Delta y \\quad (x \\in \\Omega) \\tag{1}  \\]  in a domain \\(\\Omega \\subset\\mathbb{R}^n\\) with boundary \\(\\Gamma\\). The boundary conditions are  \\[  y(t, x) = \\begin{cases} u(t, x) & (x \\in \\Gamma_0 \\subseteq \\Gamma)\\\\ 0 & (x \\in \\Gamma \\setminus \\Gamma_0)\\end{cases}, \\qquad {\\partial y \\over \\partial n} = 0 \\quad (x \\in \\Gamma). \\tag{2} \\]  and the problem is that of approximate controllability in time \\(T\\), that is, driving from the zero initial state to a neighborhood of a target \\(y^T\\) by means of a control \\(u(t, x) \\in L^2((0, T) \\times \\Gamma_0)\\). In general, one can do this by means of different controls, and the infimum of their norm is the \\textit{cost of control.} As \\(k \\to +\\infty\\), the semigroup \\(S_k(t)\\) generated by \\(- \\Delta^2 - k\\Delta\\) and the homogeneous boundary conditions in \\(L^2(\\Omega)\\) becomes ``less stable'' in the sense that  \\[  \\lim_{t \\to +\\infty} {1 \\over t} \\log \\| S_k(t)\\| \\to + \\infty  \\]  and the authors conjecture that the cost of control tends to zero as \\(k \\to +\\infty\\). This paper deals with results of this type for certain Galerkin approximations of (1)--(2).","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$C7C9A54C-E9AF-4919-B2F3-A03ABE94A057","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"5a51013239e705dbb008583c85b92be535c924c0","datavalue":{"value":"93C20","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$35A9881D-A780-4710-B312-5D7DDC209405","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"0493e66c36e2772f355d1d5e05f0013b3d870be0","datavalue":{"value":"65N30","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$9FCD02AF-121B-448F-896E-57425F7F9FCB","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"484eaf08775232cffaa1ce81f75027f82e88b5db","datavalue":{"value":"93B05","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$F0DF8CB1-5E4C-4733-BCD4-8AB282AEACD1","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"0a7c27c94974c40c7005dedc3b7764988259d4b2","datavalue":{"value":"1146568","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$FB985C90-E678-4299-98D0-906331DA7527","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"2f5098c33002e119a227b277766bce666d7ea18d","datavalue":{"value":"controls of minimum norm","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$851CD5E0-D17E-4DCE-BEF2-11B78F1B1DAF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"864bf6c4632e768f19c23f8fd11ac7b689bc9188","datavalue":{"value":"approximate controllability","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$D92FDA58-EE0C-4428-8F8F-348ECD00EBEA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"947178ca1534b32a4b7552cbbd4edeecb13570d1","datavalue":{"value":"Galerkin approximations","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$E363FF1C-4255-40D5-8515-D303A0D8F436","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"71b174392024ff471fe883ab87527d44b0b1d9af","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":590499,"id":"Q590499"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$86621C14-820B-4029-B0E4-EC86EE5BEA3B","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$6AE93BF0-2025-4099-9233-A13DDB71F820","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e885789c5e0744c9a51f363572cc8675f635e3b4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4040043,"id":"Q4040043"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$C9D1D96E-39EC-4A3C-91B7-F1C42796B34D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f26cf3f6e7037dbc4fa64a8bfbae4b8e24ecb363","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5549989,"id":"Q5549989"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$1776EC0D-A5F5-4473-9E76-49B2E146F931","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"243d5deb08d8311b5fa23beebd4e4c229be0c2fc","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4378151,"id":"Q4378151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$A9118CB2-AB1E-4D88-A129-E804D44A7E65","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"90cf46c4f7cee39697c9a9ede75be85a33362511","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4345555,"id":"Q4345555"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$47CFF5B1-3079-4F49-8FA1-B7A89C6A8C62","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"670fa55c67a4592d847a02582aa08e0593dea92b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5580054,"id":"Q5580054"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$A177E68C-E337-4991-9BC2-D62D9460281D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"db3e29c0df4b9125c9f196b1ec7b04e49d145a40","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3955832,"id":"Q3955832"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1385413$765359C8-B549-4407-8281-3750B3E0CC9E","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"db1b3407f722c5d364a6e7394ba86c1f6eefd7ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4378151,"id":"Q4378151"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"582fe52d1a688634ba3f6fe28230023298c3f918","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8526984453201294","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1385413$494CE3D9-46AF-4495-B78E-824D081BFA14","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"091fd8d379676c7492aa365eb899d5827be00fa9","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1056900,"id":"Q1056900"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"9d6459d2d956c0c760edec092c36798ec07da89c","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7883346080780029","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1385413$2D6CA38C-A656-43C3-97F9-58A98C74E52D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"6a81e4c094d9191e280a82acbc5594f6eaef2274","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5954433,"id":"Q5954433"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"92a2d329225c90c22904b3ff1803f55338fa6714","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7866617441177368","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1385413$24586939-8064-47C2-8B1F-C6CDD7430DAA","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"75bce435a219c69b9b970c92ccc6dd75d046f627","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4342532,"id":"Q4342532"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"ce395b5ee57c1e22bf68b3b18e760e9dba3de5c1","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7657941579818726","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1385413$EDD17FDB-A6AD-40EA-9CF7-E55984A4D64F","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"On the cost of controlling unstable systems: The case of boundary controls","badges":[]}}}}}