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Alspach} et al., J. Algebr. Comb. 5, 83-86 (1996; Zbl 0849.05034)] the classification of 2-arc-transitive Cayley graphs of cyclic groups is given. The main theme of the paper under review is the study of 2-arc-transitive Cayley graphs of dihedral groups which is motivated by the latter result. The author first presents a previously unknown infinite family of 2-arc-transitive Cayley graphs of dihedral groups \\(D_{4(q+1)}\\), \\(q\\) an odd prime power, which are denoted by \\(K^4_{q+1}\\) and arise as certain 4-fold covers of the complete graph \\(K_{q+1}\\) (and 2-fold covers of \\(K_{q+1,q+1}-(q+1)K_2\\), the complete bipartite graph with a 1-factor removed). In Section 3, the author introduces the concept of a symbol of a Cayley graph of a dihedral group which is an encoding of the set of neighbors of a given fixed vertex in the graph. It is then proved that the graphs \\(K^4_{q+1}\\), \\(q\\) an odd prime power, are indeed Cayley graphs of dihedral groups \\(D_{4(q+1)}\\) and as a consequence a property of Singer cycles in the group \\(\\text{PGL}(2,q)\\) is given. A partial classification of 2-arc-transitive Cayley graphs of abelian groups with at most three involutions is also given in Section 6. These results are needed in the investigation of two particular aspects of 2-arc-transitive Cayley graphs of dihedral groups, i.e. certain small length blocks of imprimitivity and the above-mentioned symbols. These results are then used in Section 8 where the proof of the main theorem of the paper under review (Theorem 2.1) is finally given. This theorem is a structural reduction theorem for 2-arc-transitive Cayley graphs of dihedral groups which comes a step short from a complete classification of these graphs. The statements of Theorem 2.1 are too technical to be produced here. As the author remarks, in contrast with some other works on 2-arc-transitive graphs (see for example [\\textit{R. W. Baddeley}, J. Algebr. Comb. 2, 215-237 (1993; Zbl 0785.05047), \\textit{M. D. E. Condor} and \\textit{C. G. Walker}, J. Algebra 208, 619-629 (1998; Zbl 0915.05066), and \\textit{X. G. Fang} and \\textit{C. E. Praeger}, Commun. Algebra 27, 3727-3754 (1999; Zbl 0956.05049)]) where the classification of finite simple groups is a vital and essential part, the underlying philosophy of this paper stems from a pursuit of different goal; with a blending of group-theoretic and combinatorial techniques and results from coverings of graphs, it has been managed to avoid the use of the classification of finite simple 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