{"entities":{"Q1408864":{"pageid":1419604,"ns":120,"title":"Item:Q1408864","lastrevid":70353981,"modified":"2026-04-13T14:12:06Z","type":"item","id":"Q1408864","labels":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"Enumerating a class of lattice paths"}},"descriptions":{"en":{"language":"en","value":"scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1985948"}},"aliases":{},"claims":{"P31":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P31","hash":"fd5912e4dab4b881a8eb0eb27e7893fef55176ad","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":56887,"id":"Q56887"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$9DE744F6-AD91-4CCA-9D23-80BAA9F4B239","rank":"normal"}],"P159":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P159","hash":"209371d2af35ae0c35fa373eecc2aac08131c165","datavalue":{"value":{"text":"Enumerating a class of lattice paths","language":"en"},"type":"monolingualtext"},"datatype":"monolingualtext"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$EA699A70-65A8-47A4-9FDF-5918F60F5021","rank":"normal"}],"P225":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P225","hash":"de2de8a1cb9b28c6eaf2ccaf67e5408178ed2c88","datavalue":{"value":"1027.05002","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$4FF7A75F-B544-4D89-8212-24E57F4E84FF","rank":"normal"}],"P27":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P27","hash":"5bef73b0700452c244d953febafa8d07a23d7c47","datavalue":{"value":"10.1016/S0012-365X(03)00037-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$6DD0CB4C-0E70-447A-8747-664B5681DC39","rank":"normal"}],"P16":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P16","hash":"867bf05875a92381b274d3c6157666064608e5c6","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1408862,"id":"Q1408862"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$AD2F73A7-112D-4CA1-A4C3-A3406A5B7C77","rank":"normal"}],"P200":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P200","hash":"38665fe4ed2b835132254a58832c329597060029","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":175483,"id":"Q175483"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$4FE6B4DB-E10F-4CFB-B448-DC5C9AB848BD","rank":"normal"}],"P28":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P28","hash":"f37244814e4fbe2fab0838dfe21d7174c9a47265","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2003-09-25T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1985727"},"type":"time"},"datatype":"time"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$5556FA77-9D1D-4D58-9F04-343B390D2130","rank":"normal"}],"P1448":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1448","hash":"60634612b74b6e118b52316990a99a7bfa264197","datavalue":{"value":"It is well known that the number of paths in the \\(xy\\)-plane with steps \\((1,0)\\) and \\((0,1)\\), that start in \\((0,0)\\), end in \\((n,n)\\) and do not go above the line \\(y=x\\) is given by the Catalan number \\(C_n\\). In the paper under review the above class of paths (also known as Dyck paths) is modified by replacing the allowed step set by the set consisting of all horizontal and vertical steps. If \\(d_n\\) is the total number of admissible paths, with generating function \\(D(t)=\\sum_{n\\geq 0}t^n d_n\\), then it is shown using standard techniques that  \\[ D(t)=\\frac{1+3t-\\sqrt{9t^2-10t+1}}{8t}. \\]  This is used to obtain a number of equivalent formulae for the number \\(d_n\\). For example,  \\[  d_n=\\frac{1}{n}\\sum_{k=1}^n 4^{n-k}\\binom{n}{k}\\binom{n}{k-1}.  \\]  Moreover, it is shown that if \\(d_{n,j}\\) is the subset of paths counted by \\(d_n\\) that consist of exactly \\(j\\) steps (so that \\(d_{n,2n}=C_n\\)), then  \\[  d_{n,j}=\\frac{1}{n}\\sum_{k=1}^n \\binom{n}{k}\\binom{n}{k-1} \\binom{2n-2k}{j-2k}. \\]  By the binomial theorem this implies the generating function  \\[  P_n(x)=\\sum_{j=0}^{2n} x^j d_{n,j}= \\frac{1}{n}\\sum_{k=1}^n \\binom{n}{k}\\binom{n}{k-1}x^{2k}(1+x)^{2n-2k} \\]  from which the result for \\(d_n\\) follows after taking \\(x=1\\). A few closely related lattice path problems are also studied in the paper.","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$CB630502-9033-4CAA-AB4D-40F03A0B803F","rank":"normal"}],"P226":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P226","hash":"b6a686fef1013593a32f9e8e67eecdd50e96866a","datavalue":{"value":"05A15","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$87D48E60-A645-49C6-B4FD-2BECF0A9EA7A","rank":"normal"}],"P1451":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1451","hash":"f997544d57bdd2329408e4b61f9c417f5cb03953","datavalue":{"value":"1985948","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$EF1B1A72-DF5B-42C7-AAF7-5F6D0CC337BD","rank":"normal"}],"P1450":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"b6770c4d4cba22bfb1b47522e3e759b96df7ceda","datavalue":{"value":"Lattice paths","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$E89CD4ED-AA1A-4B5E-92C7-D094CDDFB365","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"a7f950d4fa1e563160d237fee8cc98c59108e45b","datavalue":{"value":"Lagrange inversion formula","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$98A7C0F0-5F9B-4DF8-A808-D0FE747A8E75","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1450","hash":"1decdedc95990275456dacd871446fb96d700d11","datavalue":{"value":"Narayana number","type":"string"},"datatype":"string"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$B08C81C4-D571-48F3-96D6-14A938952A5B","rank":"normal"}],"P1447":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1447","hash":"3aa56db7e0b8140aa7c4992dabcf655d65946de5","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":200355,"id":"Q200355"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$32D3DC38-159A-4A22-8DED-414D3F2F2528","rank":"normal"}],"P1463":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1463","hash":"650e761a5f418c574655712b35b1fe882f756011","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":19297,"id":"Q19297"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$1664CFDA-C081-4418-9AEF-FC72D488D284","rank":"normal"}],"P1460":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1460","hash":"57f7fea50d2ce1b39b695c4a1313582eed405e38","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5976449,"id":"Q5976449"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$77976F3F-1904-4FD8-AD6B-990EECE27B7C","rank":"normal"}],"P223":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"4dea4cfb1e0c5f130449b94e06bce9259277a9ff","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1209637,"id":"Q1209637"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$D6E255BB-DEEA-4C2F-B710-12711214762F","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"2125babfe63d54db43e1db61edca86d587ad1a14","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1343781,"id":"Q1343781"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$07073590-C1B6-4B41-BB51-EDC61411E2E9","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"7e4343e8694aa289d56ddc7609bc2e3035db5602","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1300975,"id":"Q1300975"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$44FF8E3B-1498-4952-8D5D-893A6F901655","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"1f66fa679487c6f3d59efe321b9f59fae319cdca","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1258740,"id":"Q1258740"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$367768B0-2597-46A9-95E4-B7A25F7FF7C2","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"6406d2b5282ff0ef5fb46e84e37a5d1e0faa1753","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3822166,"id":"Q3822166"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$FAD0FCC2-5C35-4D7B-8E09-3CF52BC15D82","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"ecaaa99ad22b239862c271cfc91dc3bd7de76b7b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":5555362,"id":"Q5555362"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$5B79BED7-AF0F-45B7-9699-815D9991D62B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"436263bbae9513dee0dbbfe3a0159200d023994b","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1147712,"id":"Q1147712"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$653B0F0B-D67E-4921-8794-404DB0221692","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"02c9426ea1febb5fdb7c60930831cb7232498573","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3922688,"id":"Q3922688"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$4320D56A-9D28-4101-BECD-4FD6B0246653","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"a393a345a9f1716baa4070907b9de547e302562c","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1329791,"id":"Q1329791"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$150D6B17-2EE0-4BB3-94CE-AD1F5E8E919A","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"5e7ce1f5ce7b22cd65f95bcce844b0844c2e79d2","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4855565,"id":"Q4855565"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$FBC50317-2596-4B71-B26D-D35BB488B1FF","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"d1d95d8dad6aea964dcd4cb8e9127e3b6d6ac573","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1185097,"id":"Q1185097"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$2A9E918C-3943-46AA-AF0D-486359D4FA32","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"e2dbd4a93b0fabfd7eb88bd8e0ca72f40b4fba2e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4236280,"id":"Q4236280"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$BCFF23B2-EB6B-4E86-A991-D58D191B7287","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"08827ada463a3adcc9c055ea03ffaad8bc557b8d","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4254704,"id":"Q4254704"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$0A6FBD2B-A391-4AAE-A305-07A478846107","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f885d01e896cce5be9911ed3c90d88e261bae5ea","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1578477,"id":"Q1578477"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$7039493B-52FD-4ED7-A41E-83C5E77E676B","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P223","hash":"f3525a93a0c041d0046b80f278b76cdc2d4d7f95","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":4329063,"id":"Q4329063"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$F9BC1CBC-17DE-4709-BC61-DA4A0B3E7793","rank":"normal"}],"P205":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P205","hash":"9130a8c28f7337e6b5ec35c20e3055150699528d","datavalue":{"value":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(03)00037-2","type":"string"},"datatype":"url"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$B9033154-82AD-47D9-977C-B84A3A856964","rank":"normal"}],"P388":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P388","hash":"4b986ec2a73072c73022297b9588937777cef7d9","datavalue":{"value":"W2086818418","type":"string"},"datatype":"external-id"},"type":"statement","id":"Q1408864$ED2FF0C4-6FC9-4C71-AE08-ECE9A6DE9E46","rank":"normal"}],"P1643":[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"c66647229d581a6bee79f53be5bf9b7c2a4c4795","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3115062,"id":"Q3115062"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"0d1dc85841ea692e858c18f18e5d550c8e6fb810","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8464647531509399","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1408864$DAF2BDB1-9700-41B0-BAEC-716B76688DDE","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"422dc35a3172c802cc2603717b8b3eb6e1a36349","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":3536764,"id":"Q3536764"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"6374c9d03b749e0b727765246588401d74c4978d","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8351786136627197","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1408864$55028C95-5662-448D-8B25-D97AD6F4C06C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"9332c2e573a01600476a005a62f8ad1f05eb84d4","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1578477,"id":"Q1578477"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"1d7d389835cbd8e3a246c1328b1d39a67fb27061","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.8007059097290039","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1408864$25D8EAEA-04AA-4E5C-AEFF-2FC2CB42B02C","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"037e4c66654c06004df844fbc12fdbbe13528599","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1300974,"id":"Q1300974"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"16e9eaa8d316165c4108d65e29db43a995259ca8","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7991430759429932","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1408864$94A59512-7EFD-4952-8D8F-924501AC804D","rank":"normal"},{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1643","hash":"a427bec1fe63b304325fe94f2cca7898ace69e3e","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":1343781,"id":"Q1343781"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"},"type":"statement","qualifiers":{"P1659":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1659","hash":"da132ab35a825e2bfb1597c92ce9dc3943a06c3f","datavalue":{"value":{"amount":"+0.7974806427955627","unit":"1"},"type":"quantity"},"datatype":"quantity"}],"P1660":[{"snaktype":"value","property":"P1660","hash":"a327a09ea0305e98d5cf33bd4036320e19f2aed0","datavalue":{"value":{"entity-type":"item","numeric-id":6821328,"id":"Q6821328"},"type":"wikibase-entityid"},"datatype":"wikibase-item"}]},"qualifiers-order":["P1659","P1660"],"id":"Q1408864$4E316C35-B62D-417A-97F9-16127C03E796","rank":"normal"}]},"sitelinks":{"mardi":{"site":"mardi","title":"Enumerating a class of lattice paths","badges":[]}}}}}